To blur a background image while keeping text sharp, put the image on a separate layer—such as a section’s ::before pseudo-element—and apply filter: blur(...) to that layer. Use backdrop-filter instead when you want a translucent panel to blur only what appears behind it.
Blur the background image without blurring the text
Do not apply filter: blur(...) to a container that also holds your heading or other content: the filter affects the selected element’s rendered contents as well as its background. Put the image on its own layer and position the foreground above it. MDN explains how filters affect elements and how to use CSS filter effects.
HTML
<section class="hero">
<div class="hero__content">
<h1>Readable heading</h1>
<p>This content stays sharp above the blurred image.</p>
</div>
</section>CSS
.hero {
position: relative;
isolation: isolate;
overflow: hidden;
padding: 6rem 2rem;
color: white;
}
.hero::before {
content: "";
position: absolute;
z-index: -1;
inset: -12px;
background: url("background.jpg") center / cover no-repeat;
filter: blur(8px);
}
.hero__content {
position: relative;
}Replace background.jpg with the image URL or path used by your site. The pseudo-element is filtered independently, while .hero__content remains sharp. isolation: isolate creates a local stacking context for the negative z-index layer, and overflow: hidden clips the layer at the section boundary.
The inset: -12px extends the image beyond the section edges so the blur is less likely to expose unpainted gaps. It is a starting point, not a universal value: increase or decrease it based on the blur radius and the image crop. Larger blur values may need more overscan.
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Add a dark overlay when text needs more contrast
Blur softens detail but does not guarantee readable text. Add a dark gradient to the image layer, or add a separate overlay between the image and content. For example, a gradient can be combined with the image background:
.hero::before {
content: "";
position: absolute;
z-index: -1;
inset: -16px;
background:
linear-gradient(rgb(0 0 0 / 0.35), rgb(0 0 0 / 0.35)),
url("background.jpg") center / cover no-repeat;
filter: blur(8px);
}Avoid setting opacity on the whole .hero if the text must remain fully opaque; that would also make the foreground translucent.
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Choose between an image-layer blur and a frosted-glass panel
| Technique | What it blurs | Use it for | Key constraint |
|---|---|---|---|
filter: blur(...) on a pseudo-element or separate image layer |
The image layer itself | A blurred hero or section background with sharp foreground content | Keep text outside the filtered layer and clip or extend the layer as needed. |
backdrop-filter: blur(...) on a panel |
Pixels behind the panel | A localized translucent or frosted-glass card | The panel needs a transparent or partly transparent background; ancestor backdrop roots can limit the region. |
Blur the area behind a translucent panel
For a glass-like card over an image, use backdrop-filter on the card. It filters pixels painted behind the element rather than blurring the card’s own contents. The panel must have some transparency so the filtered backdrop is visible.
.glass-panel {
background: rgb(255 255 255 / 0.18);
-webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
}The prefixed declaration is a defensive compatibility measure for older WebKit implementations. MDN marks unprefixed backdrop-filter Baseline 2024, meaning it has worked across the latest devices and browser versions since September 2024; older browsers and devices may not support it. Check the browsers your project must support rather than assuming universal availability.
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The effect can also be bounded by a backdrop root created by an ancestor. MDN identifies properties including opacity below 1, a non-none filter, masks, and non-normal mix-blend-mode as factors that can create a backdrop root. If the blur appears to sample the wrong area, inspect the panel’s ancestors and their stacking and visual effects.
Troubleshoot common problems
- The text is blurry: The filter is probably applied to a container that contains the text. Move the image to a pseudo-element or sibling layer and keep the foreground outside that filtered layer.
- The glass panel looks opaque or the blur is invisible: Make the panel background transparent or partly transparent, such as
rgb(255 255 255 / 0.18), and confirm that there are pixels behind it to filter. - The blur exposes gaps at the edges: Extend the image layer beyond the clipped section with a negative
inset. Adjust the extension to the blur radius and crop. - The backdrop blur affects an unexpected region: Inspect ancestors for opacity, filters, masks, or non-normal blend modes that establish a backdrop root.
- Text is difficult to read over the blurred image: Increase contrast with an overlay or gradient and check the finished composition. A blur alone does not ensure legibility.
Or skip the browser setup:
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