Puppeteer offers different snapshot methods for different outputs: use page.screenshot() for an image, page.content() for serialized HTML, page.accessibility.snapshot() for an accessibility-tree view, and page.pdf() for a PDF. A normal screenshot captures the viewport; set fullPage: true to request the full page. The options below follow Puppeteer’s API reference labeled version 25.12.0; check the reference matching the version installed in your project.
Choose the snapshot method by output
| What you need | Puppeteer method | What it returns or does |
|---|---|---|
| Visible page image | page.screenshot() |
Captures the viewport by default. |
| Full-page image | page.screenshot({ fullPage: true }) |
Requests an image of the full page rather than just the viewport. |
| One element as an image | elementHandle.screenshot() |
Captures the element, scrolling it into view if necessary. |
| Serialized HTML | page.content() |
Returns the page HTML, including the DOCTYPE. |
| Accessibility representation | page.accessibility.snapshot() |
Returns the current accessibility-tree representation. |
page.pdf() |
Generates a PDF using print media by default. |
These outputs are not interchangeable: choose an image for visual review, HTML for markup processing, an accessibility snapshot for inspecting the browser’s accessibility-tree view, or a PDF for document delivery. See the official Puppeteer screenshots guide.
Capture a viewport or full page
In the current ScreenshotOptions reference, labeled Puppeteer 25.12.0, fullPage defaults to false. Leave it unset for a viewport capture, or set it to true to request the full page.
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.setViewport({ width: 1440, height: 900 });
await page.goto('https://example.com', { waitUntil: 'networkidle2' });
await page.screenshot({ path: 'viewport.png' });
await page.screenshot({ path: 'full-page.png', fullPage: true });
} finally {
await browser.close();
}networkidle2 is used in Puppeteer’s guide as an example readiness condition, not a guarantee that every application has finished rendering. Pick a navigation or application-specific readiness condition suited to the page’s asynchronous work, then inspect the actual capture.
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Screenshot options and when to use them
The API reference documents these options and defaults. Confirm edge cases against the reference for your installed Puppeteer release.
| Option | Use | Default or qualification |
|---|---|---|
fullPage |
Request capture of the full page rather than the viewport. | false |
clip |
Restrict capture to a rectangular page region. | No default stated. The reference excerpt does not specify its full coordinate shape or every interaction with fullPage. |
captureBeyondViewport |
Control capture beyond the viewport. | false when there is no clip; true otherwise. |
type |
Choose the image format. | png. A file extension can determine type when saving with path. |
quality |
Set image quality for a supported lossy format. | 0–100; does not apply to PNG. The reference excerpt does not enumerate every accepted non-PNG format. |
omitBackground |
Hide the default white background for transparency. | false. Select a format that supports the transparency you need. |
encoding |
Choose binary or base64 output. | binary. |
path |
Save the image to a file. | Omitted means it is not saved to disk. |
fromSurface |
Choose capture from the surface rather than the view. | true. |
optimizeForSpeed |
Request the speed-oriented capture option. | false. |
Capture only a region
Pass clip to limit the shot to a rectangular region. Its documented interaction with captureBeyondViewport changes the latter’s default to true when a clip is supplied. If the desired behavior depends on capturing outside the viewport, set captureBeyondViewport explicitly and verify the combination with the API reference for your installed version.
Choose format, quality, and transparency
PNG is the default, and the quality option does not affect PNG. For a supported lossy format, set type and a quality value from 0 to 100. To remove the default white background, use omitBackground: true and a format that preserves transparency.
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Save to disk or use the returned data
Set path to write the screenshot to a file. Without it, Puppeteer does not save the image to disk. Without base64 encoding, page.screenshot() returns a Uint8Array; with encoding: 'base64', it returns a string. The Page.screenshot() API reference also notes that, while a screenshot is being taken in a BrowserContext, calls to newPage() and close() wait for it to finish; bringToFront() does not.
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Use an element handle’s screenshot() method when the target is a single DOM element rather than a page region. Puppeteer scrolls the element into view if needed. The element must remain attached to the page through the capture; a detached target causes an error.
const element = await page.waitForSelector('#receipt');
if (!element) throw new Error('Receipt element was not found');
await element.screenshot({ path: 'receipt.png' });See ElementHandle.screenshot() for the method reference.
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Save HTML or inspect the accessibility tree
HTML snapshot
Call page.content() when you need serialized page HTML rather than pixels. The returned string includes the DOCTYPE.
const html = await page.content();
await fs.promises.writeFile('page.html', html, 'utf8');See the Page.content() API reference.
Accessibility snapshot
Call page.accessibility.snapshot() for Puppeteer’s current accessibility-tree representation. By default, interestingOnly is true, which filters out nodes considered uninteresting. Set it to false to request the full tree. The includeIframes option defaults to false; root can scope the snapshot to an element.
const tree = await page.accessibility.snapshot({
interestingOnly: false,
includeIframes: true,
});
console.log(tree);This is a browser accessibility-tree view, not a promise of identical output across operating systems or screen readers. Puppeteer’s API describes accessibility as platform-specific and its default filtering as an approximation. See Accessibility.snapshot().
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Generate a PDF
page.pdf() generates a PDF using print media by default. If the PDF should reflect screen styles instead, call page.emulateMediaType('screen') before generating it.
await page.emulateMediaType('screen');
await page.pdf({ path: 'page.pdf' });Consult the Page class API reference for PDF options. That reference is under the next path; its version status is not independently verified here, so check the API matching your installed version.
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Example cURL request (replace the key and target URL):
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curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webpSee the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request parameters and response details.
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Troubleshoot common capture problems
- The screenshot shows only the visible area:
fullPagedefaults tofalse. SetfullPage: truewhen you want the full page. - The element screenshot fails: the element may have been detached before capture. Wait for the target, avoid replacing it during the call, and capture while its handle remains attached.
- The image looks blank or incomplete: the page may not have finished its asynchronous work when capture began. Choose a suitable navigation readiness condition or wait for an application-specific selector, then inspect the result.
networkidle2is an example in the guide, not a universal guarantee. - The clipped output does not cover the expected area: check the
clipandcaptureBeyondViewportcombination. The documented default for the latter differs depending on whether a clip is supplied. - The PNG looks unchanged after setting quality:
qualitydoes not apply to PNG. Use a supported lossy format if quality adjustment is required. - The background is still opaque: set
omitBackground: trueand use an image format that supports transparency. - The PDF uses unexpected styling: PDF output uses print media by default. Emulate screen media before
page.pdf()if screen styles are intended.
Performance, reliability, and cost considerations
The official references describe capture options and certain API behaviors, but do not establish comparative speed, image-size savings, cross-browser parity, or reliability benchmarks. Treat optimizeForSpeed as an available option rather than a measured performance guarantee. For repeatable captures, make readiness conditions explicit, choose only the output and scope you need, and validate results against your application’s rendering behavior. Puppeteer’s methods run within your browser setup; a hosted API such as ScreenshotNeo avoids setting up that browser capture flow, with billing and response verdicts described above.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Does Puppeteer’s full-page screenshot include lazy-loaded images?
The cited ScreenshotOptions and screenshot-guide material establishes that fullPage requests a full-page capture, but does not establish that lazy-loaded content is forced to load. Handle any page-specific lazy loading before capture and verify the output.
Can I use an accessibility snapshot as a substitute for a screenshot?
No. It represents the browser accessibility tree rather than rendered pixels. Use page.screenshot() when the output you need is an image.
Which Puppeteer version do these screenshot option defaults describe?
The cited ScreenshotOptions and Page.screenshot API pages are labeled Puppeteer 25.12.0. Check the matching documentation for the version installed in your project.
Quick Recap
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