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For a test whose method should throw an exception, set expectedExceptions on TestNG’s @Test annotation. If only one call should throw—or you need to inspect the exception—use Assert.expectThrows instead.
Use expectedExceptions for a method-wide expectation
TestNG passes a test annotated with expectedExceptions when the test method throws an exception of an expected type. It fails if the method returns normally or throws a different type.
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class ServiceTest {
@Test(expectedExceptions = IllegalArgumentException.class)
public void rejectsInvalidInput() {
service.process(null);
}
}This is the most concise choice when the exception from the test method itself is the behavior being tested. Keep the method focused on the operation that should fail: any unrelated statement that throws the expected type could satisfy the method-wide expectation.
The TestNG 7.11.0 @Test Javadoc documents the annotation’s exception behavior. Check the TestNG version used by your project before relying on version-specific API details.
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Check the exception message with a regular expression
To assert both the exception type and its message, add expectedExceptionsMessageRegExp. TestNG matches the message against a regular expression; it is not a plain substring comparison.
@Test(
expectedExceptions = IllegalArgumentException.class,
expectedExceptionsMessageRegExp = ".*must not be null.*"
)
public void rejectsNullInput() {
service.process(null);
}The 7.11.0 Javadoc gives .* as the default expression, which imposes no meaningful constraint on the message. Use a pattern that checks the relevant text. Escape regular-expression metacharacters if you need to match punctuation literally, and avoid depending on dynamic parts of a message.
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Use Assert.expectThrows to scope the expected call
When setup or other assertions should run normally and only a particular operation is expected to throw, use TestNG’s scoped assertion. It returns the exception, allowing further checks on the same object.
import org.testng.Assert;
public void rejectsNullInput() {
IllegalArgumentException exception = Assert.expectThrows(
IllegalArgumentException.class,
() -> service.process(null)
);
Assert.assertTrue(exception.getMessage().contains("must not be null"));
}The TestNG 7.9.0 Assert API reference says expectThrows executes a ThrowingRunnable, returns the exception when its type matches, and raises AssertionError if nothing is thrown or the wrong type is thrown. That Javadoc marks the method as available since TestNG 6.9.5. Confirm compatibility with the version in your build.
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Choose the assertion by scope
| Need | Use | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| The test method itself should throw | @Test(expectedExceptions = Type.class) |
The annotation checks whether an expected exception escapes the method. |
| Only one operation should throw | Assert.expectThrows |
The assertion wraps just the operation under test. |
| Need to inspect the exception object | Assert.expectThrows |
It returns the exception for message or other assertions. |
| Need a message constraint with a method-wide expectation | expectedExceptionsMessageRegExp |
It checks the message using a regular expression. |
Use try/catch when you need an explicit catch block
A try/catch assertion is another scoped option, particularly if you need custom checks inside the catch block. Call fail() immediately after the operation so the test cannot pass when no exception occurs.
try {
service.process(null);
Assert.fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException");
} catch (IllegalArgumentException exception) {
Assert.assertTrue(exception.getMessage().contains("must not be null"));
}Prefer Assert.expectThrows when it is available in the project’s TestNG version; it expresses the expected-exception assertion directly and returns the exception for further checks.
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Avoid common exception-test mistakes
- Do not swallow the expected exception in an annotated test. If your code catches it and the method returns normally, TestNG does not see the expected exception escape the method, so the test fails.
- Do not put unrelated throwing operations in a method-wide test. A different operation could throw the expected type and make the test pass without proving the intended call behaved correctly. Scope the assertion to the target call when necessary.
- Expect the narrowest type required by the contract. A broad superclass can accept exceptions the method should not produce. Use it only when accepting its subtypes is intentional.
- Remember that message matching is regex matching. A pattern that is too broad may not verify the intended message, while unescaped punctuation can change the pattern’s meaning.
- Distinguish application exceptions from assertion failures. A failed TestNG assertion marks the test as failed; it is not evidence that the application threw the expected exception.
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