For a quick capture, run chrome --headless --screenshot --window-size=412,892 https://example.com/. Chrome writes screenshot.png to the current working directory by default. For repeatable captures, full-page images, or a selected element, use Puppeteer’s Page.screenshot().
Take a one-off screenshot from the command line
Chrome’s Headless CLI is the shortest route when you need one image and do not need to script browser behavior. The command below sets a 412-by-892 capture window; replace the URL and dimensions as needed.
chrome --headless --screenshot --window-size=412,892 https://example.com/The output is screenshot.png in the directory where you run the command. Chrome’s Headless command-line reference documents --screenshot and --window-size. If the chrome command is not available in your shell, use the executable path for your installed Chrome or Chromium build; the exact path depends on your operating system and installation.
Choose the dimensions deliberately
--window-size=WIDTH,HEIGHT sets the dimensions for the capture workflow. For responsive-page comparisons, keep the same dimensions for every run: a page may rearrange or hide content when the viewport changes. The documented example is 412 × 892 pixels, not a requirement for other sites.
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Bound the wait or advance page timers
Use --timeout to set a maximum wait in milliseconds before Chrome captures content. It bounds the wait but does not ensure every asynchronous element has rendered. The CLI also documents --virtual-time-budget, which advances time-dependent code as though a chosen duration had passed; use it only when the page’s timer-driven behavior calls for it.
chrome --headless --timeout=10000 --screenshot --window-size=412,892 https://example.com/Here, 10000 is an example timeout in milliseconds, not a guarantee that a page will be fully ready after ten seconds. Choose timing based on the page and check the resulting image.
Use Puppeteer for repeatable or targeted captures
For a script that captures pages repeatedly, Puppeteer lets you control navigation, viewport, and screenshot options. Install Puppeteer in a Node.js project, then save this as capture.mjs:
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import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
const browser = await puppeteer.launch({ headless: true });
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.setViewport({ width: 412, height: 892 });
await page.goto('https://example.com/', { waitUntil: 'networkidle2' });
await page.screenshot({ path: 'page.png' });
} finally {
await browser.close();
}Run it with node capture.mjs. The Puppeteer screenshots guide demonstrates waiting during navigation with waitUntil: 'networkidle2' before calling page.screenshot(). This is an example condition, not a universal best choice: persistent network connections can prevent network inactivity, while a fixed delay may be too short or waste time.
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Capture a full page or a particular element
Set fullPage: true for a full-page image. To capture one element, select it and call its screenshot method:
const element = await page.$('main');
if (!element) throw new Error('Could not find main element');
await element.screenshot({ path: 'main.png' });For a specific rectangle, use the clip option. Puppeteer’s screenshots guide covers full-page and element captures; the ScreenshotOptions API documents the available screenshot settings.
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Choose screenshot options for the output you need
Puppeteer’s screenshot options include fullPage, clip, captureBeyondViewport, omitBackground, type, quality, and path. PNG is the documented default image type; quality applies to formats other than PNG. A relative path is resolved from the current working directory.
- Viewport screenshot: leave
fullPagefalse (its default) to capture the viewport. - Entire document: set
fullPage: true. - Region: provide
clipcoordinates and dimensions. - Transparent background: set
omitBackground: truewhere appropriate. - Format: choose
type; setqualityfor formats other than PNG.
How to wait for a page before capturing
Choose the wait strategy based on how the page loads its content. Navigation completing does not necessarily mean that images, client-rendered content, or other asynchronous elements are ready. Puppeteer’s guide shows networkidle2 as one navigation wait condition. It may not suit pages that keep network activity open; an arbitrary delay may also capture too early or add unnecessary time. Chrome’s CLI --timeout simply caps the wait, while --virtual-time-budget can help with timer-based behavior. Inspect the output when capture timing matters.
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| Need | Approach | What it provides |
|---|---|---|
| One URL and one image | Chrome CLI with --headless --screenshot |
Quick capture saved as screenshot.png by default. |
| Repeated or scripted captures | Puppeteer and Page.screenshot() |
Control over navigation, viewport, full-page capture, and screenshot options. |
| PDF rather than an image | Chrome CLI with --print-to-pdf |
A PDF document; add --no-pdf-header-footer to omit print headers and footers. |
Chrome documents --print-to-pdf as a separate output path: it creates a PDF, not a screenshot image. See the Chrome CLI reference for its command-line flags.
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Troubleshooting common capture problems
No screenshot file appears
Chrome writes the default file to the current working directory. Check that directory, confirm the command completed, and verify that the browser executable you invoked is the intended installation.
The image shows missing or incomplete content
The capture may have happened before the page’s asynchronous content was ready. Adjust the navigation wait in Puppeteer or use a suitable CLI timeout; neither is a guarantee that every page element has loaded. For timer-driven content, consider a virtual-time budget and verify the result.
The page layout differs from the expected design
Set an explicit viewport and use it consistently. Responsive layouts depend on dimensions, so an image captured at one size may not match what appears at another.
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A network-idle wait does not finish
Pages with persistent network connections may not reach network inactivity. Choose a wait condition that fits the site’s behavior rather than relying on networkidle2 for every page.
Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo provides a website screenshot API and MCP server. One GET request returns an image or PDF; for example, save a WebP capture with cURL:
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://example.com/ -o shot.webpSee the ScreenshotNeo documentation for API details. Cookie banners are accepted and removed before capture, along with supported consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets; these steps can be turned off. Bot checks, blank pages, failed loads, timeouts, and cache hits are not billed, and response headers report the page verdict and billing status. An MCP server provides take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf tools for AI agents. The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 screenshots.
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Does headless Chrome save a screenshot as PNG by default?
Yes. The CLI saves screenshot.png in the current working directory unless you use a different output workflow.
Can I use headless Chrome to create a PDF instead?
Yes. Use Chrome’s --print-to-pdf option; it creates a PDF rather than an image.
Quick Recap
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