For a 30 fps YouTube Live stream sent over RTMP or RTMPS, set FFmpeg’s keyframe interval to 2 seconds: -g 60. YouTube recommends a 2-second keyframe frequency and says not to exceed 4 seconds; at 30 fps, that upper limit converts to 120 frames. Use a closed GOP, then check YouTube’s stream health during a test. YouTube encoder settings · YouTube stream health messages (guidance accessed October 3, 2026).
Set FFmpeg to 60 frames at 30 fps
In the usual fixed-GOP usage, FFmpeg’s -g option sets the maximum number of frames between keyframes. At 30 frames per second, 60 frames span 2 seconds, so the interval setting is:
-g 60This sets the interval only; it is not a complete streaming command. The 60-frame value is calculated from YouTube’s recommended time interval and the stated frame rate, not printed as a separate value in YouTube’s encoder table. FFmpeg documents -g as controlling the number of frames between keyframes. FFmpeg option documentation reference
Check that the output really is 30 fps
The seconds-to-frames conversion depends on the actual output frame rate. Confirm the encoder is producing 30 fps before using -g 60; if the output frame rate differs, recalculate frames as frame rate × interval in seconds.
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Configure a closed GOP separately
-g 60 controls interval; it does not by itself establish that the encoder is using a closed GOP. YouTube identifies open GOP as unsupported. Choose the closed-GOP control appropriate to the codec and FFmpeg encoder you use; the precise option can vary by implementation. YouTube’s health documentation describes the open-GOP issue.
Know the RTMP and RTMPS limit
For YouTube’s RTMP/RTMPS encoder guidance, the recommended keyframe frequency is 2 seconds and the instruction is not to exceed 4 seconds. At 30 fps, 4 seconds converts to 120 frames. Treat that as an upper bound, not the target: use 60 frames for the recommended interval. YouTube’s encoder guidance also lists CBR bitrate encoding, video codec options including H.264, H.265 (HEVC), and AV1, and frame rates up to 60 fps. YouTube: Choose live encoder settings, bitrates, and resolutions
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Use the instruction for your ingestion protocol
| Protocol | GOP guidance | What to apply |
|---|---|---|
| RTMP/RTMPS | YouTube recommends 2 seconds and says not to exceed 4 seconds. Closed GOP is required by the health guidance. | At 30 fps, use -g 60; do not exceed 120 frames. Configure closed GOP separately. |
| DASH | The DASH guide says GOP size should be about 2 seconds and under 8 seconds, and requires closed GOPs. | Follow the DASH-specific wording rather than applying RTMP/RTMPS limits as if they were universal. |
| HLS | YouTube requires closed GOPs. Its segment-duration recommendations are distinct from RTMP/RTMPS keyframe-frequency guidance. | Do not mistake HLS segment duration for the GOP interval. |
Sources: RTMP/RTMPS encoder settings, DASH live-ingestion guide, and HLS live-ingestion guide. The protocol-specific instructions differ, so select the row that matches how you send the stream.
Test the stream and read its health status
- Set the output frame rate. Confirm it is 30 fps before converting the interval to frames.
- Set the interval. Use
-g 60for a 2-second interval at 30 fps. - Set closed GOP. Enable the appropriate closed-GOP option for the selected codec and encoder.
- Run a representative test. Include audio and motion, then monitor YouTube’s stream health while the test is live. YouTube recommends testing with representative content and checking stream health. YouTube live-ingestion guidance
- If using a backup stream, align its keyframe frequency. YouTube reports a GOP mismatch between streams as a configuration issue. Health status messages
Troubleshoot keyframe and GOP warnings
- GOP longer than 4 seconds: YouTube warns that longer GOPs can cause buffering. For 30 fps RTMP/RTMPS, verify that the interval is 120 frames or less; the recommendation remains 60 frames.
- Open GOP: YouTube does not support it. Change the selected encoder’s configuration to closed GOP and test again.
- Very small GOP: YouTube’s health messages warn that very small GOPs can reduce image quality. Avoid shortening the interval unnecessarily; start from the 2-second recommendation.
- Backup GOP mismatch: Make the backup stream’s keyframe frequency match the main stream.
- Unexpected timing: Reconfirm the output frame rate and encoder behavior. A frame count is meaningful only in relation to the actual output rate.
These are diagnostics from YouTube’s LiveStream API health messages; they complement rather than replace the protocol-specific encoder guidance. YouTube health status messages
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