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A WebSocket 1006 error means the connection ended without the endpoint receiving a WebSocket Close frame. It is a symptom, not a diagnosis: the code alone cannot tell you whether the endpoint, network, or an intermediary caused the interruption. First determine whether the WebSocket handshake succeeded; then use browser, server, and proxy logs to locate where the connection failed.

What WebSocket code 1006 means

RFC 6455 reserves status code 1006 for reporting an abnormal closure. An endpoint must not send 1006 in a WebSocket Close control frame. Instead, the value describes what the endpoint observed: the connection ended before it received a Close frame. The code does not identify which component caused the loss. RFC 6455 defines the protocol behavior, and MDN describes the corresponding CloseEvent code property.

Check whether the WebSocket handshake completed

A WebSocket connection begins as an HTTP request. Until the server accepts the upgrade, investigate the HTTP response and routing rather than treating the event as a post-connection close code. Use browser developer tools and server or reverse-proxy logs to confirm whether the request received a successful upgrade response. MDN’s WebSocket server guide explains the handshake and the role a reverse proxy may play in detecting and routing WebSocket requests.

If the upgrade did not succeed

Check the requested URL and path, handshake headers, authentication, origin policy, server routing, and proxy handling of the upgrade. Browser requests include an Origin header, which a server may use to reject a request. Ports other than 80 or 443 can also encounter firewall or proxy problems. Confirm the actual HTTP response and logs; do not assume every failed handshake produces the same browser error sequence.

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If the connection opened, trace where it ended

Record the opening and closing times, whether the connection was idle, what the browser reported, and what the server logged at the same time. Compare those records with endpoint restarts or crashes, device sleep or network changes, TCP resets, and proxy or load-balancer connection limits. The websockets 9.0 documentation identifies lost end-user connectivity and intermediaries terminating long-lived connections as possible causes, not conclusions that can be drawn from 1006 alone. For reproducible failures, it recommends enabling debug logs.

Use the pattern to narrow the fault domain

  • Failure before upgrade: focus on the HTTP response, request routing, authentication, origin policy, and proxy upgrade handling.
  • Failure after a repeatable idle period: inspect documented idle and WebSocket timeout settings on proxies and load balancers. The websockets 9.0 guide gives “usually 30 seconds” as an example for intermediaries not configured for long-lived connections; this is not a universal timeout.
  • Failure associated with a restart or endpoint event: examine the client or server process and its connection lifecycle.
  • Failure limited to one device or network: investigate network changes and connectivity on that path, then compare with another client or network if available.

Change the layer supported by the evidence

Do not change timeout values or application behavior based only on the 1006 code. If logs point to an intermediary, check that product’s documented WebSocket and idle timeout settings and align them with the application’s connection behavior. If an endpoint failure is logged, investigate that process. If the issue follows a device or network, test under the affected network conditions. Preserve timestamps and request or connection identifiers so events across browser, server, and intermediary logs can be matched. There is no single timeout setting or fix that applies to every deployment.

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Reconnect without creating a retry loop

A reconnect may restore a connection after a transient interruption, but immediate repeated attempts can add load while the underlying fault persists. RFC 6455 recommends a randomized delay before the first reconnect; it gives 0–5 seconds as a reasonable example. If attempts continue to fail, increase the delay, for example with truncated binary exponential backoff. Set an appropriate retry limit or application-specific recovery behavior, and avoid retrying in a tight loop. RFC 6455 recommends backoff after abnormal closures.

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