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For most websites that need dependable browser coverage, WebP is the practical default among JPEG XL, WebP, and AVIF. Test AVIF where it meaningfully reduces file size at acceptable visual quality and decoding cost, and provide a fallback. JPEG XL is compelling for specialized needs such as progressive decoding, HDR, high bit depths, and reversible JPEG transcoding, but browser support remains incomplete in MDN’s guide accessed October 7, 2026.
How the formats compare
These formats overlap, but they differ in browser reach, supported workflows, and how confidently you can serve them without alternatives. Format capabilities do not guarantee that every encoder, decoder, browser, or application implements every feature equally.
| Decision point | JPEG XL | WebP | AVIF |
|---|---|---|---|
| Browser support in MDN’s guide accessed October 7, 2026 | Safari; Chrome behind a flag; Firefox Nightly. MDN recommends a fallback. | Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Opera, and Safari. | Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Opera, and Safari. MDN recommends a fallback. |
| Lossy and lossless encoding | Both. | Both; the lossless mode restores pixel values exactly, according to RFC 9649. | Both, according to AOMedia. |
| Transparency and animation | Both supported. | Both supported. | Both supported. |
| HDR and wide color | Supported, including high bit depths. | Google documents lossy WebP as 8-bit Y′CbCr 4:2:0; it is not the choice here for high-bit-depth HDR workflows. | Supported, including HDR and wide color gamut. |
| Progressive behavior | Supports progressive decoding. MDN says Safari does not progressively download JPEG XL and renders it after the full download. | The format’s chunk ordering can allow decoding before all data arrives, but that is not the same progressive coding capability as JPEG XL. | The specification supports progressive decoding through layered images. MDN notes AVIF does not support progressive rendering in its comparison with WebP. |
| Reversible JPEG conversion | Can losslessly transcode an existing JPEG and reconstruct the original. | No equivalent reversible-JPEG feature is established in the cited sources. | No equivalent reversible-JPEG feature is established in the cited sources. |
Browser listings and implementation advice are from MDN’s image file type and format guide. WebP details are documented in IETF RFC 9649 and Google’s WebP FAQ. AVIF capabilities are specified in AOMedia’s AVIF v1.2.0 specification; JPEG XL features are summarized by the JPEG organization.
Which format should you choose?
Choose WebP for a compatibility-oriented default
WebP is the straightforward starting point when you want broad browser reach and a single modern format across common web clients. It supports lossy and lossless images, transparency, animation, metadata, and color profiles. The format’s lossless mode is useful when exact pixel values matter; its lossy mode has an 8-bit Y′CbCr 4:2:0 constraint documented by Google.
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MDN says lossy WebP images are on average 25–35% smaller than JPEG images at visually similar compression levels, and lossless WebP images are typically 26% smaller than the same images in PNG. These are MDN’s general comparisons, not a guarantee for a particular image or encoder. Google separately states that WebP typically achieves an average of 30% more compression than JPEG without loss of image quality; that is Google’s stated result, not a universal independent benchmark.
Test AVIF when smaller delivery is worth the trade-offs
AVIF stores AV1 images in the HEIF file format. It supports lossy and lossless encoding, transparency, image sequences, HDR, wide color gamut, auxiliary data, and layered images that permit progressive decoding. Those capabilities make it worth evaluating for image-heavy pages or workflows where its output is smaller at the quality you need.
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AOMedia’s overview claims over 50% file-size savings compared with JPEG and over 30% compared with WebP. The overview does not provide enough benchmark conditions to treat those figures as reproducible results for every image. Measure your own pipeline, and follow MDN’s advice to provide a fallback.
Use JPEG XL for specific capabilities, with a fallback
JPEG XL combines lossy and lossless encoding with transparency, animation, HDR, wide color gamut, high bit depths, and progressive decoding. A distinctive archival use is reversible transcoding: an existing JPEG can be converted to JPEG XL and later reconstructed as the original JPEG without loss.
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That feature set does not make JPEG XL a safe sole format for general web delivery. In MDN’s guide accessed October 7, 2026, JPEG XL is listed for Safari, Chrome behind a flag, and Firefox Nightly—not as a broadly available option across the listed browsers. Support can change, so check the actual browser versions and features you target.
How to serve alternatives on a website
Use HTML <picture> or an equivalent image-negotiation pipeline to offer a preferred format while retaining a broadly supported fallback. MDN specifically recommends fallbacks for AVIF and JPEG XL.
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<picture>
<source srcset="photo.avif" type="image/avif">
<source srcset="photo.webp" type="image/webp">
<img src="photo.jpg" alt="Description of the image">
</picture>The browser selects a supported source from the offered types; the JPEG remains available as the fallback. This example illustrates the pattern, not a claim that one ordering or format will be optimal for every site. If you offer JPEG XL, include it only for the clients and feature subsets you have verified, and retain a fallback.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How to compare image size and quality fairly
There is no directly comparable controlled benchmark in the cited sources that tests all three formats with common encoders, source images, and visual-quality criteria. Published size claims use different baselines, so they cannot establish a universal winner.
- Choose representative source images. Test photographs, graphics, images with transparency, and animation separately; results can vary by content type.
- Set a consistent visual-quality target. Do not compare the same numeric quality setting across encoders: the settings are not equivalent. Use a defined quality method or human review.
- Record the outcomes that matter. For each encode, note output bytes, how quality was assessed, and encode and decode time.
- Test the actual delivery environment. Check target browsers, relevant feature support, and client performance constraints, including whether the format’s decode cost is acceptable.
- Choose based on the result, not the format name. Adopt the option that meets your visual and performance targets while providing the browser coverage your audience needs.
Where the technical details come from
WebP’s format behavior is described in RFC 9649, published in November 2024. It is an informational RFC, not an Internet Standards Track specification. The AVIF v1.2.0 specification is an Alliance for Open Media final deliverable dated October 16, 2025. MDN’s support guide and the JPEG organization’s JPEG XL overview were accessed October 7, 2026; browser support and implementation details can change over time.
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