ETSI is developing a pre-standardization framework for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), a potential 6G capability that would let wireless systems communicate while also using radio signals to detect objects or activity. Its work describes use cases and possible system designs; it does not describe a consumer service already deployed as 6G.
What is integrated sensing and communication?
ISAC combines two functions in a wireless system: carrying communications and sensing the surrounding environment. A network could use radio signals to derive information about objects or movement, alongside its conventional role of transmitting data. That could support services such as recognizing human motion or helping an autonomous vehicle navigate.
ETSI’s Industry Specification Group on ISAC is doing pre-standardization work. Its technical reports describe use cases, models, and system functions intended to inform standards organizations such as 3GPP; they are not evidence that these capabilities are finalized or commercially deployed. For broader background on the field and standardization landscape, see NIST’s review of ISAC techniques, applications, tools, datasets, and standardization.
What use cases does ETSI identify?
ETSI’s GR ISC 001 V1.1.1, published in March 2025, covers 18 advanced use cases and deployment scenarios. Examples named by ETSI include:
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- Human motion recognition: sensing movement, potentially including people who are not carrying connected devices.
- Emergency rescue: using sensing capabilities to support rescue scenarios.
- Autonomous vehicle navigation: sensing relevant surroundings for vehicle movement.
- Industrial robotics: supporting sensing needs in industrial automation.
The scenarios vary in what is sensed, where sensing takes place, and what service it supports. ETSI considers indoor, outdoor, and mixed environments; people, vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and robots; and frequency bands from sub-6 GHz through mid bands and mmWave/THz. It also considers combining radio sensing with data from non-radio sensors. These are dimensions of the framework, not a claim that every use case has a settled implementation.
How might an ISAC system be configured?
GR ISC 001 describes three integration levels—tight, intermediate, and loose—and six sensing modes, including monostatic and bistatic configurations involving base stations and user equipment. The report argues for supporting a range of modes and integration levels because the suitable choice depends on the use case and deployment conditions.
At a high level, the integration level describes how closely sensing and communication functions are combined. A sensing mode describes how radio equipment participates in sensing. The report’s range of options reflects that one design is unlikely to suit every combination of target, setting, coverage, and service.
ETSI also proposes sensing-oriented key performance indicators (KPIs), including Fine Motion Accuracy and sensing service range. These complement the need to assess communication performance: a system intended to sense motion or serve targets over a particular area must be evaluated against sensing requirements as well as its communications role.
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What architecture work is ETSI doing?
GR ISC 003 V1.1.1, released in February 2026, sets out system and radio access network (RAN) architecture work. Its reference model supports monostatic, bistatic, and multistatic configurations.
System-level functions
The proposed system functions include control of sensing services; collection and processing of sensing data; mobility management for sensing entities; charging; and secure, privacy-preserving exposure of sensing results. In practical terms, the architecture must address not only how measurements are made, but also how sensing tasks are managed and how resulting information is handled.
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RAN functions and unresolved design work
RAN-related functions include sensing-task coordination, measurement configuration, and processing. ETSI identifies interference mitigation, power control, sensing signal design, and flexible resource allocation as open challenges. Its further-study areas include multi-operator sensing, coordination between the core network and RAN, and integration with computing resources.
Why does channel modelling matter?
ETSI GR ISC 002 V1.1.1, published in August 2025, addresses channel modelling, measurements, and evaluation methodology. ETSI says advanced channel models and measurement campaigns are needed to address gaps in models designed primarily for communications.
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That distinction matters because sensing performance depends on how radio signals interact with targets and environments, not just on whether a communication link can carry data. Models, measurements, and evaluation methods give researchers and standards groups a basis for assessing proposed approaches across different settings.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What privacy, security, and sustainability issues are in scope?
GR ISC 004 V1.1.1, released in March 2026, identifies 19 issues: 15 related to security and privacy, and four to sustainability. ETSI’s topics include:
- Preventing unauthorized sensing and protecting sensing data.
- Safeguarding people who may be sensed whether or not they have connected devices.
- Maintaining confidentiality in sensitive spaces.
- Considering power use, spectrum efficiency, environmental footprint, and health.
These are design and governance challenges for future systems. Their identification does not mean every proposed scenario is technically solved or that its legal treatment is settled. In particular, sensing people without connected devices makes consent, data handling, and protection of sensitive locations important considerations alongside radio performance.
What the ETSI reports establish—and what they do not
| Report | Publication | Focus |
|---|---|---|
| GR ISC 001 V1.1.1 | March 2025 | 18 use cases and deployment scenarios; integration levels, sensing modes, and sensing-oriented KPIs. |
| GR ISC 002 V1.1.1 | August 2025 | Channel modelling, measurements, and evaluation methodology. |
| GR ISC 003 V1.1.1 | February 2026 | System and RAN architecture, including sensing management and processing functions. |
| GR ISC 004 V1.1.1 | March 2026 | Security, privacy, trustworthiness, and sustainability issues. |
Together, the reports show ETSI building a technical framework around scenarios, radio behavior, architecture, and responsible operation. They do not establish measured performance for a deployed product or a finalized 6G standard. ETSI’s ISG ISAC page lists the group’s scope and reports.
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