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For public water, ask your utility for PFAS test results, review its Consumer Confidence Report (CCR), and search the EPA’s UCMR 5 Data Finder or PFAS Analytic Tools. For a private well, ask your state environmental or health agency for testing advice and a list of state-certified drinking-water laboratories. A missing result or a “not detected” finding does not prove that the water contains zero PFAS.

Check public water through your utility and EPA records

  1. Identify your water provider. Check a water bill, or ask your landlord or local government which public water system serves your address.
  2. Ask the utility for its PFAS results. Ask whether it has tested, which PFAS it measured, when it collected samples, what the results were, and what action it is taking. EPA notes that some systems may not yet have this information. Its guidance says, “If you choose to test your water yourself, it is important to use a state-certified laboratory using EPA-developed testing methods.” EPA utility guidance.
  3. Read the latest CCR. Also called an annual drinking-water quality report, the CCR may include UCMR results when contaminants were measured at or above minimum reporting levels. Ask the utility for the report or use EPA’s CCR search tool.
  4. Search EPA’s PFAS data tools. Use the UCMR 5 Data Finder or PFAS Analytic Tools. Search by public water system and state; the tools allow filtering by system, state, contaminant, source-water type, and result thresholds. EPA released the final UCMR 5 dataset for 29 PFAS and lithium in August 2026.
  5. Ask your state if the records are incomplete. Contact the state drinking-water program about other testing or public records. If you arrange independent testing, use a state-certified laboratory and ask about EPA-developed methods.

What UCMR 5 coverage and results mean

UCMR 5 did not include every small water system. Among systems serving fewer than 3,300 people, EPA selected a nationally representative sample of 800 systems. Therefore, no result in the database may mean that the system was not included or that data are not available; it does not establish that the water is PFAS-free.

A blank result or “less than MRL” means the measured amount was below the program’s minimum reporting level, not that the chemical was absolutely absent. EPA reports UCMR 5 minimum reporting levels of 0.002 to 0.02 micrograms per liter (2 to 20 nanograms per liter) for the 29 PFAS; these are reporting levels, not health standards. UCMR results alone also do not determine whether a system complies with the PFAS drinking-water rule. See EPA’s UCMR 5 data and limitations.

Test a private well for PFAS

  1. Start with your state. Contact your state environmental or health agency for local guidance and a list of certified drinking-water laboratories. EPA does not test household water on request.
  2. Confirm the lab’s qualifications. Ask whether it is certified for drinking-water testing and certified or otherwise approved for PFAS analysis in your state. Certification availability varies as states establish PFAS programs.
  3. Check the method and analyte panel. Ask which compounds the lab measures and what method it uses. EPA Methods 533 and 537.1 are approved for UCMR 5 and PFAS drinking-water regulation monitoring. EPA describes Methods 533, 537, and 537.1 as supporting analysis of 29 PFAS; Method 537.1 Version 2.0 superseded Method 537 for most applications. A lab’s panel may cover fewer compounds, so verify the exact list rather than assuming it measures all PFAS. See EPA’s analytical methods guidance.
  4. Follow sampling directions exactly. Use the lab’s specified container and follow its collection, storage, and shipping instructions. Do not assume a generic home kit or self-collected sample meets compliance-quality requirements. Ask the lab or state program what decisions the result is suitable for.
  5. Review the result with the lab or state agency. Confirm which compounds were measured, the reported concentrations, and the reporting limits. Ask how the lab defines “not detected.” EPA advises comparing results with state standards or current federal guidance as applicable.

EPA does not regulate private wells or provide recommended standards for them. Do not assume a public-water-system rule applies to a private well; ask your state for advice specific to your location. See EPA’s private-well guidance.

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Understand what a PFAS result can tell you

A result describes the sample collected on a particular date, the compounds included in the test, and the method and reporting limit used. “Not detected” means the test did not report a compound at or above its applicable threshold; it is not proof of zero PFAS. Likewise, a public-system database may not cover every system or location. Keep the analyte list and reporting limit with the result when interpreting it.

Regulatory information can change. EPA’s drinking-water regulation page lists the final 2024 rule for six PFAS and reports that EPA announced two proposed rule changes on May 18, 2026. Those proposals are not final rules. For current comparisons, consult EPA and your state rather than applying an undated universal threshold.

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What to do if PFAS is detected

Contact your water utility or state environmental or health agency to discuss the result and appropriate next steps. EPA says people may consider a home treatment system or filtered pitcher certified to reduce PFAS. Check the exact model in an accredited certifier’s current directory and verify which PFAS the certification covers; a generic filter claim is not evidence of PFAS reduction, and a filter is not a substitute for testing. EPA’s private-well guidance says that, as of April 2024, filter certifications focused on PFOA and PFOS. See EPA’s private-well guidance and exposure-reduction guidance.

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