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If someone is already using your personal information, contact every affected bank, card issuer, lender, or other business to stop the misuse; report the identity theft at IdentityTheft.gov; then protect and review your credit files. If information was exposed or lost but you do not know whether anyone has used it, use the site’s lost, stolen, or exposed information path instead. The response depends on whether there is active fraud—not every exposure notice means identity theft has occurred.

Start with the evidence of misuse

Identity theft means someone is using your information, not merely that it may have been exposed. Examples of warning signs include an unfamiliar credit account, unexplained bank withdrawals, bills for medical care you did not receive, a debt collector seeking a debt you do not recognize, missing bills or mail, an insurer rejecting a legitimate claim because of a false benefits limit, or an IRS notice about a tax return or employer you do not know. A breach notice is a reason to be alert, but it does not establish that someone has used your information.

If you have evidence or reasonable concern that misuse has begun, work through the steps below. If you only know that information was lost, stolen, or exposed and cannot tell whether it was used, choose the separate “No, or I don’t know” route on IdentityTheft.gov.

Secure accounts where fraud has happened

Contact the fraud department at each institution or business where you see suspicious activity. This may include a bank, card issuer, lender, utility, or other service provider. Ask it to secure or close compromised accounts and block further unauthorized activity. Change the passwords and PINs for affected accounts and their associated logins.

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For unauthorized charges on an account you already have, identify the specific transactions and ask the business to remove them. If someone opened a new account in your name, contact the business and ask it to close the account. After you obtain an FTC Identity Theft Report, provide it and request written confirmation that the account is not yours, you are not liable, and the account has been removed from your credit report. A business may need to be contacted again after you have the report.

Record the date, business, person or department you spoke with, what you requested, and the outcome. Keep copies of letters and any written confirmation.

Report identity theft and get a recovery plan

Report the theft at IdentityTheft.gov, the Federal Trade Commission’s recovery resource. As the site puts it, “IdentityTheft.gov can help you report and recover from identity theft.” Reporting generates an FTC Identity Theft Report and a personal recovery plan. The report can help prove the theft to businesses and support your rights, but the FTC does not resolve individual consumer complaints.

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An account on the site can help you track steps and pre-fill forms. If you proceed without creating an account, save or print the report and plan before leaving the page. The FTC uses reports for law-enforcement and trend purposes.

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When a police report may help

A local police report can be useful in particular cases or if a business asks you to provide one. The FTC recommends bringing your Identity Theft Report, photo ID, proof of address, and other evidence. Ask for a copy of the police report for your records.

Protect and inspect your credit files

A fraud alert and a credit freeze can make it harder for someone to open new credit in your name, but they work differently. An initial fraud alert asks businesses to take steps to verify your identity before granting credit. A freeze restricts access to your credit file. Both are free, and neither secures an existing compromised bank or card account.

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Extended fraud alert Requires potential creditors to contact you before issuing credit. Free and available to identity-theft victims. Request it through a bureau and provide your FTC Identity Theft Report. Lasts seven years.
Credit freeze Restricts access to your credit file, making it harder to open new credit in your name. Free. Contact all three nationwide bureaus separately. Remains in place until you lift or remove it.

These timeframes and procedures are described by the FTC. Bureau phone numbers and online paths can change, so use the live bureau directory on IdentityTheft.gov or follow each bureau’s current instructions.

Review reports and seek removal of fraudulent information

Get and review your credit reports from Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion. IdentityTheft.gov currently says consumers can check reports weekly for free through AnnualCreditReport.com. Look for unfamiliar accounts and transactions.

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To ask the bureaus to block information caused by identity theft, send an FTC Identity Theft Report, proof of identity, and a written identification of the fraudulent information. The FTC describes a block as removing fraudulent information from your report and preventing companies from trying to collect the debt.

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Dispute fraudulent accounts, information, and debts

Write to the credit bureaus to identify information that resulted from identity theft, and include your FTC report and proof of identity. Also contact the business that opened or is reporting the account. You can request application or transaction records if needed and ask the business to stop reporting the fraudulent debt. Keep copies of correspondence and note dates and names.

The FTC provides sample letters for credit-card charges, debit-card transactions, credit bureau disputes, and new or misused accounts. Its identity-theft rights guidance also explains that victims may request certain records related to the theft and may ask a debt collector to stop contacting them; the applicable steps depend on the circumstances. A collector’s contact by itself does not prove that a debt is yours.

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Follow the route for the kind of identity theft involved

Tax identity theft

If the IRS sends a notice saying someone used your Social Security number to claim a tax refund, follow the instructions in that notice. IdentityTheft.gov’s tax steps include IRS Form 14039 when applicable; use the form’s current submission instructions. File your tax return and pay any taxes you owe, even if you need to file a paper return.

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Child identity theft

Contact the company where the account was opened, explain that the person whose identity was used is a minor, and request account closure and written confirmation. Contact each credit bureau separately to follow its process for a minor’s credit freeze.

Medical identity theft

Check relevant provider, hospital, laboratory, insurer, and health-plan portals for unfamiliar services or enrollment. Contact the provider or plan about care or coverage you did not authorize. Dispute related credit-report entries through the standard identity-theft process.

Government benefits or other agency-related fraud

Contact the agency involved and ask what documentation and steps it requires. IdentityTheft.gov lists tailored routes for some situations, including identity theft involving SBA loans.

Criminal impersonation

If someone used your identity when arrested or in another criminal matter, contact the arresting law-enforcement agency or relevant court. Provide identifying evidence and ask how to correct the records and obtain a clearance document.

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Keep a recovery file

Maintain one dated record of what happened and what you have done. Keep copies of reports, letters, police records, and business confirmations. Record calls with the date, name or department, requested action, and result. Institution-specific forms and procedures differ, and federal guidance does not guarantee a particular resolution time or outcome.

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