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Sometimes—but there is no universal rule. Permission depends on the repositories involved, and a journal’s preprint policy is a separate check. SSRN says authors may post a manuscript on other sites, while medRxiv recommends using one preprint server and does not accept manuscripts already posted on another preprint server. It also prohibits posting the same manuscript on medRxiv and bioRxiv.
Can I post a preprint on multiple repositories?
Only when the policies of the repositories involved allow it. A rule at one server does not grant permission at another. Check the live guidance for both repositories before depositing, including rules about manuscripts already posted elsewhere.
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For example, SSRN’s guidance says authors are free to post their manuscripts on other sites, but warns that multiple records may divide downloads and other metrics. By contrast, medRxiv’s FAQ strongly recommends posting on only one server, says it will not post manuscripts already on another preprint server, and states that posting the same manuscript on medRxiv and bioRxiv is not permitted and will result in withdrawal.
Why can duplicate repository records cause problems?
- Metrics can be split. Downloads and other measures may be distributed across separate records rather than accumulating on one.
- Citation and DOI tracking can become unclear. Separate repository records may have separate DOIs, making it harder for readers to tell which record to cite and for citations to be tracked consistently.
- Readers may not know which version to use. If you deposit in more than one place where permitted, clearly identify the preferred version and connect the records when the repositories offer an appropriate way to do so. The sources reviewed do not establish a universal cross-repository linking standard.
How should I choose between repositories?
Compare the policies and practical fit of the candidate repositories, rather than choosing based only on convenience.
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- Cross-posting rules: Does the repository allow a deposit when the manuscript is already on another preprint server?
- Subject scope and screening: Does the repository accept work in your field, and what screening does it apply? For example, bioRxiv describes itself as a life-sciences preprint server and directs out-of-scope research toward other repositories, including arXiv.
- Versions, identifiers, and discoverability: Find out how each repository handles revised versions, DOIs, and record visibility.
- Journal requirements: Check the author instructions for the journal you plan to submit to, including any conditions related to preprints or anonymous review.
Does posting to a repository count as submitting to multiple journals?
No. Posting a preprint in a repository and submitting a manuscript to a journal are distinct activities. SSRN describes a workflow in which a preprint can be posted while a journal is reviewing the manuscript, but that does not mean every journal accepts every preprint or that submitting the same manuscript to multiple journals is acceptable. COPE’s guidance on concurrent and duplicate submissions addresses simultaneous submission to multiple journals and calls it unethical; it is not a blanket rule against repository cross-posting.
What should health researchers keep in mind?
A preprint is a preliminary report, not a peer-reviewed journal article. medRxiv describes its submissions as preliminary reports that have not been certified by peer review. SSRN likewise says preprints have not been validated by peer review and cautions that medical and health-care preprints should not be used to guide clinical practice. Readers and authors should make that status clear when sharing or discussing health findings.
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What to check before depositing
- Read the current submission and cross-posting policies of the intended repository.
- If you already posted the manuscript elsewhere, check whether the second repository accepts previously posted manuscripts. Do not submit the same manuscript to both medRxiv and bioRxiv.
- Confirm that the repository’s subject scope and screening requirements fit the work.
- Review the target journal’s current preprint, submission, and review-anonymity policies.
- If multiple deposits are allowed, decide which record is preferred and make the relationship between records clear using repository features where available.
Policies can change, so verify the live repository rules and journal instructions immediately before submitting. These examples describe the named services; they are not a universal rule for every repository, field, country, or journal.
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