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In Newark, a targeted LED streetlight replacement was followed by an estimated 46% reduction in nighttime outdoor violent crime during the first two quarters. The effect then disappeared: the study found no significant reduction in violent or property crime in its analysis extending up to two years. The result is promising evidence for a short-term effect in one city, not proof that brighter lighting reliably or permanently reduces crime.
What the Newark study found
The peer-reviewed study, “Evaluating the Effect of Enhanced LED Street Lighting on Nighttime Crime in Newark, New Jersey,” was published in the Journal of Quantitative Criminology on September 24, 2026. Researchers examined a municipal replacement program carried out from 2019 to 2021, using utility installation data and police incident records from 2018 to 2023.
In the first two quarters after replacement, nighttime outdoor violent crime fell by approximately 46% in the study’s estimates. The change was driven mainly by aggravated assaults and robberies. The estimated effect did not persist beyond those first two quarters, and the analysis found no significant reduction in violent or property crime over follow-up extending up to two years.
The paper reports 1,419 fixture replacements in its methods. A Rutgers University–Newark summary instead describes more than 1,500 LED fixtures installed citywide; those are source-specific descriptions and should not be treated as identical counts.
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How the researchers assessed the change
The study used a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences design with the Gardner estimator. Researchers compared areas near replaced poles with areas near unreplaced poles, and examined nearby “catchment” areas for possible spillovers or displacement. This approach offers more context than a simple before-and-after count, but it does not make the Newark findings universal or establish that lighting alone caused every observed change.
Does crime move to nearby areas?
Rutgers’ September 28, 2026 summary says the Newark study found no crime displacement from improved-lighting areas to other locations. That is a finding from this study’s locations and analysis, not a guarantee that streetlight changes never shift crime elsewhere.
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What a separate Philadelphia study adds
A 2026 study of Philadelphia’s LED rollout examined the initial ten months, from August 2023 through May 2024. Its published abstract reports a 15% decline in outdoor nighttime street crime and a 21% decline in outdoor nighttime gun violence following upgrades. These are separate estimates from a different city, intervention, and observation period; they should not be combined with Newark’s figures or read as evidence that the effect lasts longer.
The Philadelphia Energy Authority reports that the broader city project had installed 130,000 LEDs by the end of 2025 and included networked controls and community input on lighting conditions. That project information describes the rollout; it is not independent confirmation of the study’s crime estimates.
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Feeling safer is not the same as reducing crime
Other research addresses perceptions and public use rather than recorded offenses. A 2021 survey experiment found that brighter ambient street lighting made respondents feel safer. Poor lighting did not change respondents’ stated willingness to spend time outside or engage in risk-mitigating behavior. Those self-reported responses are distinct from police-recorded crime rates.
A report on a Hull relighting project described improved confidence and increased street use, particularly among women and older residents. It covered five streets and cautioned that it could not establish an unequivocal crime-reduction benefit. These local observations provide context about community experience, not a substitute for crime analyses.
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What the evidence means for city decisions
The results support treating street lighting as one possible part of a broader public-safety approach, with outcomes monitored over time. The Newark study’s short-lived estimate is a reason to assess whether an intervention’s effects persist rather than assuming an initial decline will continue. Its lead researcher, Alejandro Giménez-Santana, told Rutgers: “The effect was not permanent,’’ and “Lighting alone is not the solution.” He also emphasized resident involvement: “The more you engage community organizations and residents to become active co-producers of safety, the more likely you are to obtain better outcomes.”
When comparing lighting programs, the relevant details include whether upgrades targeted selected locations or covered a broad area, what fixtures they replaced, which types of crime and times of day were counted, how comparison areas were chosen, and how long outcomes were tracked. The available studies do not establish that simply increasing brightness everywhere will reliably reduce violent crime.
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