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1Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesTo ask AI crawlers not to collect or fetch your site, add crawler-specific Disallow rules to a robots.txt file at the root of each relevant site origin. For a stronger technical block, use server, firewall, WAF, or edge controls: robots.txt is a voluntary instruction, not access control. Choose crawler rules by purpose, because training, AI search, and user-requested retrieval may use different bots.
Choose what you want to block
Decide whether you want to opt out of training collection, AI search crawling, user-directed retrieval, or all of them. Blocking one crawler does not automatically block an operator’s other bots. OpenAI says its crawler settings are independent; it documents GPTBot for potential model training and OAI-SearchBot for ChatGPT search. Anthropic documents ClaudeBot, Claude-SearchBot, and Claude-User for different uses. See the OpenAI crawler overview and Anthropic’s site-owner guidance.
| Goal | Documented tokens to consider | Tradeoff |
|---|---|---|
| Block training collection | GPTBot; ClaudeBot |
Signals that content should be excluded from the operator’s training collection under its published policy; does not necessarily block search or user-requested retrieval. |
| Block AI search crawling | OAI-SearchBot; Claude-SearchBot |
Can reduce or remove the site from that operator’s search answers. OpenAI says sites opted out of OAI-SearchBot will not be shown in ChatGPT search answers, although navigational links may still appear; Anthropic warns that disabling search crawling can reduce visibility. |
| Block user-directed retrieval | Claude-User |
Can prevent that operator’s user-triggered web retrieval from fetching site content, reducing the chance it appears when users ask about the site. |
| Block requests technically | Server, firewall, WAF, or edge rules | Can deny access rather than merely signal a preference, but rules must be configured to avoid blocking legitimate visitors and useful crawlers. |
Add crawler rules to robots.txt
- List every site origin to cover. A robots file applies only to the protocol, host, and port where it is served. For example, the file on
https://example.com/robots.txtdoes not governhttps://shop.example.com/or a different protocol or port. Create and check a file for every relevant host or subdomain. See Google’s robots.txt specifications and Anthropic’s guidance. - Choose the documented user-agent token for each purpose. Use the operator’s exact token, not a guessed brand name. The examples below cover OpenAI training and search and Anthropic’s documented bots; add only the categories you intend to block.
- Add a separate group for each crawler you want to exclude. Put the file at the site root as
/robots.txt. For a whole-host opt-out from the listed bots, use:User-agent: GPTBot Disallow: / User-agent: OAI-SearchBot Disallow: / User-agent: ClaudeBot Disallow: / User-agent: Claude-SearchBot Disallow: / User-agent: Claude-User Disallow: / - Use path rules if you only want to exclude part of the site. Replace
Disallow: /with the specific path you want the matching crawler not to crawl, such asDisallow: /private-content/. Confirm how the target operator interprets your rules before relying on path-specific behavior. - Check the served file, not just the file you edited. Visit
https://your-host/robots.txtfor each origin and verify that the live response contains the intended groups. Review CDN, server, and WAF settings too; an edge service may manage or combine robots rules with an existing file.
Google documents User-agent, Allow, and Disallow as supported fields. Its parser selects the most specific matching user-agent group rather than combining that group with the wildcard group, so avoid assuming that a general User-agent: * group will add rules to a crawler-specific group. A robots disallow rule prevents crawling under the specification, but does not guarantee that a URL will be removed from search results. See Google’s robots.txt documentation and its blocking guidance.
Know what robots.txt can and cannot do
A robots rule asks compliant crawlers to stay away; it does not require them to obey, authenticate visitors, or technically prevent a request. Anthropic says its bots respect standard robots.txt directives, but that is the operator’s stated policy, not an access-control guarantee. If content must be inaccessible, protect it with authentication or an appropriate server or edge rule rather than relying on robots.txt alone.
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Robots rules also do not undo access or collection that has already occurred. The supported claim is that the rule communicates a crawl preference for compliant bots going forward; it should not be treated as a way to erase existing copies or guarantee a particular model or search outcome.
Enforce a block with server, WAF, or edge controls
When a voluntary preference is not enough, configure your hosting platform, firewall, WAF, or CDN to deny the relevant requests. Cloudflare, for example, documents AI Crawl Control and policies for Search, Agent, and Training behavior, including options to block across a zone, block on pages displaying ads, or allow classified traffic. Its settings and defaults can change, so verify the current dashboard behavior and test the effect on your site before applying a policy. See Cloudflare’s robots.txt setting documentation and AI bot reference.
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- Cloudflare notes that a mixed-purpose bot may fall into more than one behavior category; check the classification and resulting policy rather than assuming one label maps to one use.
- Cloudflare says Bot Management customers can use detection IDs in WAF rules. Other plans can use user-agent matching in robots.txt or WAF rules, subject to the capabilities of the plan and configuration.
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Verify coverage and revisit the rules
- Open the live
/robots.txtURL for each protocol, host, port, and subdomain you intend to cover. - Confirm each token against the operator’s current documentation before adding or removing it. Bot names and purposes evolve; Cloudflare’s bot reference is a useful starting list, not a permanent universal blocklist.
- Check edge and server policies separately from robots.txt. A correct file does not prove that requests are technically denied, and a WAF block does not prove that all relevant origins are covered.
- If you use
Crawl-delay, treat it as operator-specific. Anthropic says it supports the non-standard extension; Google says its parser does not.
Additional tokens listed in Cloudflare’s reference include PerplexityBot, Perplexity-User, Google-CloudVertexBot, Bytespider, CCBot, meta-externalagent, meta-externalfetcher, Applebot, Amazonbot, and DuckAssistBot. Verify each bot’s purpose with its operator before blocking it: names alone do not establish whether it is used for training, search, or another function.
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