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HISTSIZE=-1
HISTFILESIZE=-1
shopt -s histappendThe two variables control different limits: one applies to the running shell’s in-memory list, the other to the saved history file. Appending also helps prevent one terminal from replacing history written by another when shells exit.
What “unlimited Bash history” means
Bash manages history in two places. HISTSIZE sets the number of commands kept in the current shell’s history list. HISTFILESIZE sets the maximum number of lines retained in the history file. Changing just one does not remove the other limit. The GNU Bash Reference Manual documents both settings.
Use a negative numeric value, such as -1, for each. Bash treats negative HISTSIZE as saving every command without a limit and negative HISTFILESIZE as disabling file truncation. Avoid setting either to zero: zero HISTSIZE disables saving commands to the history list, while zero HISTFILESIZE truncates the history file to zero size.
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Set the limits and enable appending
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Open the startup file used by your interactive Bash shell. The right file depends on how Bash is launched and your operating system, so do not assume a single filename applies to every setup.
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Add these lines after any conflicting history assignments or shell-option settings:
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HISTSIZE=-1 HISTFILESIZE=-1 shopt -s histappend -
Save the file and open a new interactive Bash shell so it reads the updated configuration.
histappend makes Bash append history entries to the file when the shell exits instead of overwriting the file. This helps preserve entries when multiple shells are open, but it is not an immediate synchronization mechanism: one running shell does not necessarily see another shell’s commands as they are entered. See the GNU Bash manual’s history facilities for the documented write behavior.
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How Bash saves history
When history is enabled, Bash reads entries at startup from the file named by HISTFILE, which defaults to ~/.bash_history. Eligible commands are added to the shell’s history list. On exit, Bash writes the last HISTSIZE entries to the history file, then applies the HISTFILESIZE truncation rule. The GNU Bash Reference Manual summarizes the exit behavior: “When a shell with history enabled exits, Bash copies the last $HISTSIZE entries from the history list to the file named by $HISTFILE.”
The file must be available and writable for saving to work. An unset or empty HISTFILE prevents history from being saved. Bash’s manual lists a default HISTSIZE of 500 commands after startup files are read; setting it to -1 replaces that finite default.
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Check whether filters are excluding commands
Unlimited size settings retain eligible commands; they do not override history filters. If entries are still missing, inspect HISTCONTROL and HISTIGNORE. The GNU Bash manual’s variable reference describes these controls.
ignorespaceomits commands that begin with a space.ignoredupsomits a command identical to the immediately preceding history entry.ignorebothcombinesignorespaceandignoredups.erasedupsremoves older matching lines before the current command is saved.HISTIGNOREis a colon-separated pattern list for commands to omit.
Optionally add timestamps
To show when commands were entered, add a nonempty HISTTIMEFORMAT value to the same startup file:
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HISTTIMEFORMAT='%F %T 'This format displays timestamps with the history builtin and causes timestamp information to be written to the history file. It does not change either size limit. The format uses strftime directives; %F is the date and %T is the time.
Verify the settings
In a new interactive Bash shell, check the live values and append option:
echo "$HISTSIZE $HISTFILESIZE $HISTFILE"
shopt histappendConfirm that the size values are negative and that histappend is on. Run history to view the current list. After commands have been entered and the shell exits, inspect the file named by $HISTFILE—by default, ~/.bash_history—to confirm entries were saved.
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