The Tool Desk
Outbyte Driver Updater FREEFix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Outbyte PC Repair FREEClear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →To benchmark C++ assignment solvers fairly, first make every solver handle the same mathematical problem, then test it on documented placement-relevant matrices, verify every result, and publish enough environment and measurement detail for others to reproduce the comparison. Dense random square matrices alone do not demonstrate performance on realistic placement workloads—and there is no verified public placement-workload suite established by the sources cited here.
Define the assignment problem before comparing solvers
“Assignment solver” can describe implementations that do not solve the same variant. Write down the contract for your benchmark before choosing inputs or interpreting output. OR-Tools models assignment as costs between agents and tasks; its documentation also distinguishes a specialized linear sum assignment solver from more general MIP and CP-SAT formulations. Its example includes a case in which workers may remain unassigned when there are more workers than tasks (OR-Tools linear assignment documentation; assignment example).
- Shape and cardinality: Are matrices square or rectangular? Must every item on the smaller side be matched, or may assignments remain unmatched?
- Allowed pairs: Are absent edges forbidden, or are they represented by a penalty? If a solver cannot accept forbidden edges directly, explain how you encode them and how that affects feasibility and cost.
- Objective and numeric rules: Are costs minimized or maximized? What numeric types, ranges, and precision do the implementations accept?
- Failure behavior: How does each implementation report an infeasible instance, invalid input, or timeout?
Do not compare objective values or runtimes until those rules align. If a solver requires padding or another matrix transformation, document it and ensure the transformation preserves the intended problem and reported objective.
Build a workload suite that reflects the application
A useful suite varies more than matrix size. Include square and rectangular dimensions, multiple aspect ratios, and both dense and sparse allowed-edge patterns. Vary cost distributions and value ranges; include ties or repeated values when they occur in the placement domain. Published materials demonstrate that benchmarks can examine matrix size and dense or sparse cases, but their results are specific to their implementations and setups. A repository benchmark tests multiple solver implementations by matrix size (Hungarian algorithm benchmark repository), while a separate C++ repository publishes dense and sparse timing tables (C++ Hungarian algorithm repository).
Quick wins for a faster PC:
Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →#1 Best Overall
- Read Before You Buy — No Video Output: These adapters support charging and USB 2.0 data transfer, but cannot transmit video signals. Except for standard USB webcams (which use USB data only), they are not compatible with HDMI/DisplayPort cables, video-capable USB-C hubs, or docking stations with video output.
- Convert USB-A Ports to USB-C: Designed to connect USB-C earphones, cables, flash drives, card readers, and other USB-C accessories to standard USB-A ports. Plug-and-play with no drivers or software required.
- Aluminum Alloy Housing: Built with a sturdy aluminum alloy shell that aids in heat dissipation and protects against daily wear and scratches. Designed to maintain a stable and secure connection.
- Compact & Travel-Friendly: The ultra-compact design allows the adapter to stay plugged into your device without blocking adjacent ports or adding bulk, reducing wear and tear on your original USB ports.
- 12-Month Warranty: Backed by a 12-month manufacturer warranty for peace of mind. Designed to meet strict quality control standards for reliable everyday performance.
For placement-specific claims, connect generated or recorded instances to the actual application. Document the source and transformation of any production trace, or describe a generator and the observed properties it is intended to represent. Useful evidence may include dimensions, aspect ratios, allowed-edge density, cost distributions, and recurring structural patterns. Label cases as easy, typical, or difficult only when those labels correspond to observed workload properties. Without documented placement data or a justified generator, describe the suite as synthetic assignment workloads—not as a verified realistic placement benchmark.
Validate correctness before measuring speed
Run independent correctness checks on each result before accepting its timing. The checker should use the original input costs and the benchmark’s stated contract, rather than trusting the solver’s reported objective.
Rank #2
- 5-in-1 USB-C Hub: Experience comprehensive connectivity featuring a Power Delivery input, two USB-A 2.0 ports, a USB-A 3.0 port, and an HDMI port. (Note: The USB-C power delivery input port is only for connecting an external wall charger to power your laptop and cannot power peripheral devices.)
- 90W Pass-Through Charging: Achieve optimal charging with 90W pass-through power to your laptop, supported by a total input of 100W, with the hub reserving 10W for operational efficiency. (Note: Wall charger not included.)
- Quick Data Transfers: Accelerate your productivity with rapid data transfers using a high-speed 5Gbps USB 3.0 port and two 480Mbps USB 2.0 ports.
- 4K HDMI Display: Enhance your visual experience with a hub capable of delivering 4K resolution at 30Hz in both mirror and extend modes. Please note that this hub is compatible with MacBook (macOS 12 and newer), Windows 10 and 11, ChromeOS, and laptops equipped with DP Alt Mode and Power Delivery. Note: This device is not compatible with Linux.
- What You Get: Anker USB-C Hub (5-in-1, 4K HDMI), welcome guide, 18-month warranty, and our friendly customer service.
- Confirm every returned pair is an allowed assignment.
- Check that no row or column is used more often than the contract permits.
- Verify that the result has the required cardinality and respects any unmatched-item rules.
- Recompute the total objective from the original costs and compare it with the solver’s reported value, accounting for the documented numeric representation.
- Include infeasible cases if the application can produce them, and verify that each solver reports them consistently with the contract.
For a subset of small instances, compare results with a trusted exact formulation or an enumerator. This gives the validation process an independent reference. These checks are benchmark controls to implement; the cited OR-Tools sources explain assignment semantics but do not prescribe a shared validation protocol.
Measure runtime and memory reproducibly
Publish the conditions needed to interpret and repeat each measurement. Record the processor model, memory, operating system, compiler and version, optimization flags, solver or library versions, and thread count. Also document input generation, random seeds, warm-up and repetition policy, and the timing statistic used. State whether timings include allocation, preprocessing, input conversion, or output validation.
Free tools Windows power users keep installed
One-click scans. No signup required.
Rank #3
- Sleek 7-in-1 USB-C Hub: Features an HDMI port, two USB-A 3.0 ports, and a USB-C data port, each providing 5Gbps transfer speeds. It also includes a USB-C PD input port for charging up to 100W and dual SD and TF card slots, all in a compact design.
- Flawless 4K@60Hz Video with HDMI: Delivers exceptional clarity and smoothness with its 4K@60Hz HDMI port, making it ideal for high-definition presentations and entertainment. (Note: Only the HDMI port supports video projection; the USB-C port is for data transfer only.)
- Double Up on Efficiency: The two USB-A 3.0 ports and a USB-C port support a fast 5Gbps data rate, significantly boosting your transfer speeds and improving productivity.
- Fast and Reliable 85W Charging: Offers high-capacity, speedy charging for laptops up to 85W, so you spend less time tethered to an outlet and more time being productive.
- What You Get: Anker USB-C Hub (7-in-1), welcome guide, 18-month warranty, and our friendly customer service.
Unless the benchmark is specifically measuring an end-to-end application workflow, keep input construction and result validation outside the timed region. Measure elapsed time and memory when both affect deployment. Report per-instance results or distributions for each workload stratum alongside aggregate summaries; explain timeouts and outliers rather than silently excluding them. Show scaling across dimensions and density so readers can see where a solver’s behavior changes.
There is no shared controlled C++ measurement protocol established by the cited repositories. Their published numbers are implementation-specific. The sparse-results table includes matrix sizes from 8 through 1024, but that range alone does not make its timings transferable to another machine or placement workload. Check the repository’s own methodology before quoting individual values, and do not turn those results into a universal solver ranking.
Rank #4
- Dual Converters, Infinite Potential：Includes 2× USB C male to USB A female adapters and 2× USB A male to USB C female adapters. Perfect for a wide range of uses—tablets with Bluetooth keyboards, expand USB ports on macbook, and more. Two different converters for all your daily needs
- Next-Level 10Gbps & 3A Charging: No more slow 480Mbps, this usb to usb c adapter has a transfer speed of up to 10Gbps, allowing you to do more transferring in less time. This usb adapter fits both USB A and USB C charger, supporting up to 3A fast charging
- Upgraded Exquisite Craftsmanship: With an aluminum alloy housing and metal connector, the usbc to usb adapter is extremely durable and sturdy. Rigorously tested to withstand more than 10,000 times of plugging and unplugging, ensuring long-lasting performance
- Broad Compatible: The usb c to usb adapter widely supports all USB C/ USB A devices like laptops, tablets, cellphones, car chargers, and phone chargers. Such as compatible with MacBook Pro/Air 2023/2022, Thunderbolt 4/3 Devices,Apple MagSafe Watch 9/8/7/SE/Ultra, iPad Pro 2022/2021, Samsung Galaxy S23/S20/S10, and iPhone 17/16/15 Pro. Plug and play
- Please Note: To reach 10Gbps speed, keep the cable under 3.3 ft. For USB A Male to USB C adapters, try flipping the USB C connector. USB C Male to USB A adapters support bidirectional 10Gbps transfer within 3.3 ft
Choose implementations that match the problem
For pure linear assignment, compare specialized assignment algorithms on the same contract. OR-Tools describes its linear sum assignment solver as specialized for simple assignment and contrasts it with MIP and CP-SAT, which can express richer scenarios. Include MIP or CP-SAT when placement rules require that flexibility, but separate model construction and general-purpose solver overhead from the assignment kernel when that distinction matters.
Algorithm names are not enough to establish comparable performance. The OR-Tools C++ reference describes its documented Kuhn–Munkres implementation as “An O(n^4) implementation of the Kuhn-Munkres algorithm (a.k.a. the Hungarian algorithm) for solving the assignment problem,” and advises using graph/linear_assignment.h, whose complexity is usually much smaller (OR-Tools C++ Hungarian reference). This is an algorithmic statement about that documented implementation, not a runtime measurement or a guarantee about every implementation called Hungarian.
Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
1Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems2Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute3Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsBest Value
- 5-in-1 Connectivity: Equipped with a 4K HDMI port, a 5 Gbps USB-C data port, two 5 Gbps USB-A ports, and a USB C 100W PD-IN port. Note: The USB C 100W PD-IN port supports only charging and does not support data transfer devices such as headphones or speakers.
- Powerful Pass-Through Charging: Supports up to 85W pass-through charging so you can power up your laptop while you use the hub. Note: Pass-through charging requires a charger (not included). Note: To achieve full power for iPad, we recommend using a 45W wall charger.
- Transfer Files in Seconds: Move files to and from your laptop at speeds of up to 5 Gbps via the USB-C and USB-A data ports. Note: The USB C 5Gbps Data port does not support video output.
- HD Display: Connect to the HDMI port to stream or mirror content to an external monitor in resolutions of up to 4K@30Hz. Note: The USB-C ports do not support video output.
- What You Get: Anker 332 USB-C Hub (5-in-1), welcome guide, our worry-free 18-month warranty, and friendly customer service.
A separate C++ implementation page describes rectangular dimensions and O(rc min(r,c)) complexity while incorporating Jonker–Volgenant ideas (C++ implementation repository). Treat that as a property claimed for that implementation, not as a general guarantee for the algorithm family or for your workload. Compare problem coverage, objective correctness, runtime and memory by workload class, API and integration requirements, and the exact version tested.
Report conclusions narrowly
A useful benchmark conclusion identifies which implementation performed better for which documented workload classes, under which build and machine conditions, and with what correctness coverage. State whether the results include conversion, preprocessing, or allocation, and make the input set and reproduction procedure available when possible. A timing table from a particular repository or computer is evidence about that test—not a universal ranking and not, by itself, evidence about realistic placement performance.
Quick Recap
Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.
