More AI servers increase a data center’s electricity demand, while the high power density of AI racks concentrates that demand—and the resulting heat—in a smaller footprint. Operators must plan for both the total energy consumed over time and the electrical capacity and cooling needed at peak load. Cooling electricity varies substantially by facility, so there is no single percentage that applies to every data center.
How much electricity are data centers using?
The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that global data-center electricity consumption was roughly 485 terawatt-hours (TWh) in 2025. Its central projection puts consumption at about 950 TWh in 2030, around 3% of global electricity demand. That is a scenario-based forecast, not a guaranteed outcome; AI adoption, hardware and software efficiency, and infrastructure constraints can change the trajectory. IEA, Key Questions on Energy and AI (2026).
The IEA also reports that data-center electricity demand grew 17% in 2025, while electricity use from AI-focused data centers grew 50%. Those growth rates describe a recent change in consumption; they do not mean every facility’s demand rose by the same amount. IEA, 16 April 2026.
Why AI servers raise power demand
More computing equipment means a larger IT load
Servers are the largest electricity-consuming component in modern data centers. In the IEA’s 2025 analysis, they account for about 60% of electricity use on average, with the share varying by facility type. Adding servers therefore increases the facility’s IT load, although the total effect depends on the equipment and how it is operated. IEA, Energy and AI (2025).
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Accelerated servers concentrate demand
AI workloads are driving deployment of high-performance accelerated servers, including systems built around GPUs. These systems can draw substantial power in a compact rack, so a facility may face a major increase in power requirements even without expanding its building footprint.
The IEA says AI server power density increased 11-fold between 2020 and 2025 and projects a further fourfold rise by 2027. It also compares an advanced data-center rack’s peak power demand by 2027 with that of 65 households. That is a peak-power comparison—not an estimate that a rack uses the same amount of electricity as 65 households over a year. IEA, Key Questions on Energy and AI (2026).
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How higher server power affects cooling
Nearly all electricity used by computing equipment ultimately becomes heat that the facility must remove. As the IT load rises, the cooling system must be able to handle more heat, especially when power is concentrated in dense racks. This is an engineering consequence of running the equipment—not a rule that cooling electricity rises one-for-one with server electricity.
The amount of electricity spent on cooling and environmental control depends on factors such as facility efficiency, climate, and cooling design. The IEA reports a range from about 7% of total electricity use in efficient hyperscale data centers to more than 30% in less-efficient enterprise facilities. These figures illustrate variation between facility types and efficiencies; they are not a universal cooling allowance. IEA, Energy and AI (2025).
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What operators need to plan for beyond annual energy
Annual consumption, instantaneous power capacity, backup and redundancy, and the ability to connect to the local grid are different planning questions. A facility may have enough energy available over a year but still need more capacity to serve short periods of high demand. The IEA notes that AI training and model use can produce large, rapid power swings, making reliable supply a concern. It also identifies bottlenecks in equipment supply, grid connections, and approvals. IEA, Key Questions on Energy and AI (2026); IEA, 16 April 2026.
In the IEA’s words, “Unlike traditional data centre operations, AI training and model use induce large and rapid power swings, making energy storage critical to ensure that electricity is always supplied reliably.” IEA, Key Questions on Energy and AI (2026).
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What global forecasts can—and cannot—tell you
Global demand projections describe a broad trend, not the capacity of a particular region or site. They cannot establish whether a local grid connection can support a proposed data center, which cooling design will work at a specified rack density, or how much water that facility will use. Those questions require site- and design-specific information.
Likewise, the IEA’s figures establish a wide range in cooling electricity use and rising rack power density, but they do not provide a head-to-head test of air cooling, direct liquid cooling, immersion cooling, or particular vendors. A meaningful site comparison would need to consider cooling electricity, the ability to remove heat at the planned rack density, reliability, and local power and water constraints.
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