U.S. tariffs can raise the landed cost of goods from India, but there is no single tariff rate that applies to every Indian export. As of October 7, 2026, the treatment of a shipment depends on its U.S. tariff classification, origin, entry date, and any applicable exemption or other special rule. The former 25% additional duty tied to India’s Russian oil purchases ended for qualifying entries on February 7, 2026; later U.S. measures introduced separate, product-dependent rules.
What is the current U.S. tariff on Indian exports?
It cannot be stated accurately as one country-wide rate. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) applies duties at the product and entry level. A shipment may be subject to its ordinary tariff classification and one or more additional measures, or it may qualify for an exemption or other treatment. The U.S. importer or its customs broker needs to determine the applicable duties for the specific entry.
The key policy changes through October 7, 2026 are:
| Date | Measure | What it means for exporters |
|---|---|---|
| August 2025 | The United States imposed an additional 25% duty on Indian goods under an order addressing India’s Russian-oil purchases. | This is historical context, not a current surcharge for entries on or after February 7, 2026. |
| February 6, 2026 | A White House joint statement described an 18% reciprocal-tariff framework for listed originating Indian goods and potential reciprocal-tariff removal for specified goods. | The framework’s product coverage and conditional language matter; a statement of terms does not by itself establish implementation for every tariff line. |
| February 7, 2026 | The White House terminated the additional Russia-oil-related 25% duty for Indian products entered for consumption or withdrawn from warehouse on or after this date. | Do not carry the 2025 surcharge into a current quote for a later entry. Any refund for earlier entries depends on applicable law and CBP procedures. |
| July 24, 2026 | CBP entry instructions made a separate Section 301 duty effective. The India-specific provision sets a 10% duty on India-origin goods, subject to listed exemptions. | Check the product’s HTSUS classification and the relevant exemption provisions before estimating the duty. |
| September 28, 2026 | The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) archive listed HTS Revision 20 as the latest revision at the time. | Check for a newer revision and current implementation notices before quoting or shipping. |
The February framework and July CBP measure are not interchangeable. Nor should an exporter simply add the headline percentages to estimate a shipment’s total duty: product scope, exclusions, and the applicable rules determine how measures interact. The USITC’s dated tariff schedule and CBP’s operational instructions are the relevant starting points for a shipment-level check.
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Which Indian products and sectors are named?
Goods covered by the February framework
The White House joint statement named textile and apparel, leather and footwear, plastic and rubber, organic chemicals, home décor, artisanal products, and certain machinery as examples of originating Indian goods covered by its reciprocal-rate framework. It also described potential reciprocal-tariff removal for a range that includes generic pharmaceuticals, gems and diamonds, and aircraft parts, subject to successful conclusion of the Interim Agreement.
The statement also addressed removal of certain Section 232 tariffs on Indian aircraft and aircraft parts, a preferential tariff-rate quota for automotive parts, and negotiated outcomes for generic pharmaceuticals contingent on findings from the U.S. Section 232 investigation. These descriptions do not establish that every product in a named sector receives the same treatment. Verify the relevant tariff line, origin rule, and implementation status.
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Exemptions under the July CBP measure
CBP’s instructions list general exemptions tied to specified HTS provisions. Categories include certain civil aircraft and related parts, articles for pharmaceutical applications, some aluminum, steel, and copper goods, vehicle and vehicle-part categories, wood products, semiconductor articles, qualifying humanitarian donations, and informational materials. An exemption’s wording and tariff provision control: it should not be assumed to cover an entire commercial sector.
How to check the tariff exposure for a shipment
- Establish the product and origin. Gather accurate specifications, manufacturing details, and supplier records. The country from which a product ships, or through which it is routed, does not alone determine its customs origin.
- Confirm the full HTSUS classification. Ask the U.S. importer or a qualified customs broker to review the product’s classification in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS). Broad descriptions such as “textiles” or “machinery” are not enough to identify the applicable line.
- Use the schedule in force for the expected entry date. Check the current USITC HTSUS revision and the relevant Chapter 99 provisions. CBP’s July instructions identify HTSUS heading 9903.05.44 for the India Section 301 measure and specify general-exemption headings. Recheck the schedule if the entry date moves.
- Test for other applicable treatment. Ask whether a product-specific exclusion, general exemption, tariff-rate quota, or other measure changes the result. Confirm whether a stated preference is implemented for the relevant tariff line or remains conditional under the agreement framework.
- Request a complete landed-duty calculation. The importer or broker should account for ordinary Column 1 duties and any applicable additional measures, based on the actual product and entry. Do not treat an announced headline rate as the final combined rate.
- Keep the basis for the quote. Record the classification rationale, origin evidence, assumed entry date, and HTSUS revision used. Recheck them before shipment if the product, policy, or expected entry timing changes.
No product, HTSUS code, origin facts, transaction value, or intended entry date is specified here, so an exact combined rate or landed cost cannot be calculated. The USITC publishes dated HTS editions, and CBP publishes entry instructions; the U.S. importer’s broker can apply them to the individual shipment.
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What can Indian exporters do about the tariffs?
Build pricing around each product and entry
Cost tariff assumptions by SKU rather than applying one country-wide percentage to an entire catalog. In quotes and sales contracts, clarify who bears a duty change if the applicable treatment or entry date changes between order and import. A documented, product-specific estimate is more useful than a landed-price promise based on a headline announcement.
Coordinate classification and origin review with the U.S. buyer
The U.S. importer, broker, and filer handle entry requirements, so ask them to document the classification and check any potentially relevant exclusion before finalizing a quote. Keep bills of materials, supplier details, manufacturing records, and product specifications that support origin and classification declarations. Do not rely on routing through another country or superficial processing to avoid an origin-based duty.
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Plan for policy and timing changes
Monitor the latest HTSUS revision and CBP guidance against the shipment’s expected entry date. A revised quote or delayed shipment can cross an effective date and change the applicable analysis. Keep enough lead time to revisit classification, exemptions, and commercial terms before goods are entered.
Reduce commercial dependence where the numbers warrant it
If a verified landed-cost calculation makes a U.S. sale uneconomic, compare alternative customer segments, product mixes, and destination markets. Diversification is a business response to concentration risk; it does not itself create a tariff exemption or change the origin of goods.
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Verify Indian support programs directly
In a December 2025 parliamentary response, India’s government described RBI trade-relief measures, an exporter credit-guarantee scheme, export-promotion support, bilateral trade-agreement engagement, and work on new and existing free-trade agreements. That response describes the government’s stated approach; it does not establish current eligibility, available funding, or application deadlines for a particular exporter. Check with the responsible agency before relying on a scheme in a financing or pricing plan.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How large was the historical exposure estimate?
India’s Ministry of Commerce and Industry stated in an August 19, 2025 Lok Sabha answer that USD 48.2 billion of India’s merchandise exports to the United States, based on 2024 trade value, was subject to the additional tariffs described at that time. This is a historical estimate tied to the 2025 measures, not a measure of current 2026 exposure after the February and July changes. The cited official material does not provide a current, comparable aggregate estimate of export value affected by the 2026 measures, so the 2025 figure should not be extrapolated as one.
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