Reduce payment costs by checking your merchant category and eligibility, comparing providers on their complete written pricing and service terms, and removing avoidable fees—not by adding a UPI surcharge. Zero MDR does not by itself prove that every part of a merchant’s payment setup is free: MDR policy and a provider’s contractual charges are separate questions.
Policy context matters. A Ministry of Finance statement dated 15 September 2026 describes zero MDR for specified UPI transactions and categories, as well as rates for some other transactions. The statement does not specify when its framework takes effect, so confirm its applicability with your acquiring bank or payment provider before using it to estimate costs.
Start by separating MDR from your provider’s fees
MDR, or merchant discount rate, is a merchant-side charge within the payment ecosystem. It is not the same thing as every possible charge in a contract with a payment aggregator, gateway, or acquiring provider. The Reserve Bank of India’s guidance calls for comprehensive disclosure of merchant pricing, policies, and dispute processes; read the provider’s actual schedule rather than assuming that a zero-MDR category means every UPI acceptance arrangement has no cost. RBI guidance for payment aggregators and payment gateways
Ask the provider to identify each UPI-specific charge and say whether it is recurring, transaction-based, conditional, or tied to a particular acceptance method. Get the answer in writing, including any setup, settlement, refund, dispute, or service charges. This is the practical way to distinguish a policy exemption from the price of the service you have chosen.
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Check which MDR rules apply to your business
The Ministry of Finance’s statement of 15 September 2026 describes P2P UPI transfers as remaining free, P2M payments up to ₹2,000 as remaining free of MDR, and qualifying small merchants receiving up to ₹1 lakh per month through UPI QR under the P2PM category as remaining at zero MDR. It also describes rates for specified transactions above ₹2,000. The Ministry says the framework is expected to leave about 96% of merchant transactions unaffected; that is the Ministry’s stated expectation, not an independently measured result. The statement does not give an effective date. Ministry of Finance statement on the MDR framework, 15 September 2026
Do not assume that the small-merchant monthly threshold applies to every business or every UPI flow. The stated protection is linked to small merchants receiving QR payments under P2PM. Ask your acquiring bank or provider how it classifies your account and which transactions count toward the relevant category. Keep the classification and eligibility confirmation with your pricing records.
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For the specified transaction types in the 2026 statement, the Ministry describes these rates:
| Transaction described by the Ministry | Rate or limit stated |
|---|---|
| Specified P2M transactions above ₹2,000 | 0.4% MDR, capped at ₹300 for transactions of ₹75,000 and above |
| Transactions above ₹2,000 in named essential sectors | Flat ₹5 MDR |
| Named capital-market transactions | 0.02% MDR, capped at ₹300 |
These are descriptions of the framework in that Ministry statement, not a substitute for confirming whether it is in force and how a specific transaction or merchant is classified. Do not split a bill or change a transaction’s categorization to avoid a charge; use the genuine transaction details and ask the provider when treatment is unclear.
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Compare providers on the full cost and service
Ask each provider for the same written information so that you can compare equivalent offers. A headline transaction rate is not a useful comparison if one quote leaves recurring charges or settlement conditions unspecified.
- UPI-specific pricing: Request the fee schedule for your acceptance method and transaction mix, including any category or volume conditions.
- Setup and recurring charges: Ask about onboarding, rental, subscription, or other periodic fees, and when they apply.
- Settlement and reconciliation: Confirm settlement timing, any conditions that affect it, and how transactions are matched to your sales records.
- Refunds, disputes, and complaints: Ask how these cases are handled, what policies apply, and where to escalate them. RBI guidance identifies dispute resolution and grievance handling as provider responsibilities.
- Support and reliability: Compare support availability and the process for resolving failed or delayed payments alongside the price.
- Eligibility and classification: Confirm any terms linked to your business type, merchant category, acceptance method, or transaction volume.
There is no provider ranking here: the cited RBI guidance supports disclosure and transparency, but it does not establish which provider currently has the lowest UPI fees. Choose based on your own written terms and payment needs.
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Make UPI easy to choose at checkout
Lower costs should not come at the expense of a clear, convenient payment experience. For in-person sales, display your merchant QR code where customers can find it and provide a straightforward way to confirm that a payment succeeded. The Ministry’s framework description identifies QR payments as a receipt path for the specified small-merchant category; it does not endorse a particular display product.
Do not add a UPI-specific surcharge to pass MDR on to customers. The Ministry’s 15 September 2026 statement says MDR is a merchant-side ecosystem charge and says banks have been advised to ensure merchants do not pass it on to customers. The Ministry also states, “MDR is neither a tax nor a charge collected by the Government or NPCI.” Ministry of Finance statement on the MDR framework, 15 September 2026
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Review costs and payment quality together
Track provider charges alongside failed or delayed payments, settlement, reconciliation, support response, and dispute handling. This helps identify whether a lower quoted price comes with operational terms that do not suit your business. Revisit the comparison when your transaction mix changes or your provider updates its disclosed pricing, and retain the revised terms.
Use older incentive information only for its stated period
A Ministry of Finance release dated 19 March 2025 described a Cabinet-approved incentive for FY 2024-25: qualifying small-merchant BHIM-UPI P2M transactions up to ₹2,000 had zero MDR and were eligible for a stated 0.15% incentive. That release also described other categories as having zero MDR without that incentive. It is historical information for the specified financial year, not evidence that the incentive continues after FY 2024-25. Ministry of Finance release on the FY 2024-25 low-value BHIM-UPI incentive, 19 March 2025
Similarly, a Ministry clarification in April 2025 said reports of a proposed GST on UPI transactions above ₹2,000 were false and without basis at that time. It explained that GST can apply to charges such as MDR and that no GST applied to UPI transactions while no MDR was being charged. That time-specific clarification should not be used to conclude that tax cannot apply to a later merchant fee. A tax on a payment charge is different from a tax on the payment itself; verify current tax treatment against authoritative guidance. Ministry of Finance clarification on reports of GST on UPI transactions
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