If an MCP integration exposes a credential or sensitive data, contain access first: disable the affected integration if possible, revoke or rotate exposed credentials, investigate where the data went and whether anyone used it, then restore service with fresh, limited credentials and monitoring. Treat secrets found in configuration, prompts, logs, caches, or shared context as potentially exposed—not merely misplaced.
1. Contain the exposure
- Stop or disable the affected MCP integration, server, or tunnel using the controls available in that product. If you cannot safely disable it, restrict network access or permissions while you work through the provider’s incident procedure.
- Detach connected upstream MCP servers where possible so the affected integration cannot continue reaching tools or services. Avoid reconnecting it simply to test whether the issue has gone away.
- Record the time and scope of the suspected exposure and notify your incident-response or security contact. Preserve relevant evidence according to your organization’s process rather than deleting logs or configuration before review.
Control names and shutdown procedures differ by product. Anthropic’s instructions apply specifically to its MCP tunnels, which its documentation labels a research preview: stop the tunnel stack and remove upstream servers from Managed Agent sessions or API requests. See Anthropic’s MCP tunnels security guidance.
2. Revoke or rotate exposed credentials
Assume a credential is compromised if it appeared in a place accessible to an unauthorized person, service, or process. OWASP’s MCP01:2025 guidance says: “Rotate and invalidate all tokens immediately upon suspected exposure.” Apply that to the affected tokens, API keys, passwords, certificates, and OAuth credentials through the provider that issued them. Do not wait for proof that someone used them.
- Revoke the exposed credential, not just remove the text or file where you found it.
- Replace it with a new credential and update only the systems that need it.
- Review related credentials if they shared the same account, permissions, secret store, or deployment path.
- If a tunnel or integration must be reprovisioned, follow its provider’s sequence. Anthropic’s tunnel procedure calls for provisioning a fresh tunnel and rotating downstream OAuth tokens.
Revocation and rotation are distinct: revocation disables the exposed credential, while rotation replaces it with a new one. Confirm the old credential no longer works where the issuer provides a safe way to do so. Source: OWASP MCP01:2025 – Token Mismanagement and Secret Exposure.
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3. Find every place the data may have persisted
Removing a secret from the MCP configuration does not establish that it was removed from every copy or context. Check the components and data stores involved in this integration, including:
- MCP client and server configuration, environment variables, deployment manifests, and build-time settings.
- Prompts and model context, including shared context or memory used by later sessions.
- Application caches, vector stores, and other persistence layers that may retain retrieved content.
- Proxy, cloud, MCP server, connected-service, and application logs, plus telemetry and diagnostic exports.
- Backups or artifacts covered by your organization’s retention and incident procedures.
OWASP identifies configuration, prompts, context, caches, logs, and telemetry as possible secret exposure paths. Audit how the credential flowed among clients, tools, memory, and context caches; remove or restrict retained copies using the relevant system’s documented controls. Do not assume deleting a prompt or log entry retracts information already copied elsewhere. See OWASP MCP01:2025.
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4. Investigate whether credentials or data were used
- Set the review window. Start before the earliest plausible exposure and continue through containment, accounting for the relevant system’s clock and log retention.
- Review activity logs for the proxy, MCP server, tunnel, and connected services. Look for unexpected requests, unfamiliar destinations or operations, unusual timing or volume, and activity inconsistent with the integration’s normal use.
- Check the exposed credential’s permissions and activity with its issuing provider, where available. A stolen token can be used in requests that look legitimate to the resource server; the Model Context Protocol’s Authorization Security Considerations warns that attackers with stolen or cached tokens may access protected resources through apparently legitimate requests.
- Preserve findings and escalate through your organization’s incident process. The systems involved, exposed data, contracts, and applicable jurisdiction determine whether privacy, legal, customer, or regulator notification is required; the cited guidance does not establish a universal reporting deadline or threshold.
For Anthropic MCP tunnels, inspect proxy, cloudflared, MCP server, and connected-service logs before bringing a new tunnel online. That sequence is specific to Anthropic’s tunnel deployment, not a universal MCP command or shutdown procedure. See Anthropic’s MCP tunnels security guidance and the MCP Authorization Security Considerations.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.5. Restore the integration with safer controls
Restore only after access is contained, affected credentials have been replaced, and the relevant activity has been reviewed. Reprovision the integration or tunnel if required, then reconnect only the upstream servers and services needed for its function.
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- Use fresh, least-privilege credentials. Limit access to the necessary resources and operations, and keep credentials for separate services distinct.
- Store secrets securely. Use a secrets manager or vault for runtime injection and lifecycle management rather than embedding secrets in prompts, source code, configuration committed to a repository, or logs.
- Prefer short-lived tokens where supported. Shorter lifetimes reduce the time an exposed token can remain useful, but do not replace revocation after suspected exposure.
- Validate token audience. MCP servers must validate that a token was issued for that server. They should not pass an MCP client’s token through to an upstream API; use the appropriate separate credential for the upstream service.
- Redact or mask secrets before logging. Review prompts, telemetry, and diagnostic settings so sensitive values are not written without controls.
- Monitor after reconnection. Watch for unusual requests and confirm that sensitive values are no longer appearing in prompts, logs, or telemetry.
These are preventive architecture controls, not substitutes for incident handling. The relevant guidance is in the MCP Authorization Security Considerations, MCP Security Best Practices, the OWASP MCP Security Cheat Sheet, and OWASP MCP01:2025.
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