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What a source-code access audit must establish
The goal is to answer two related questions: who can reach company code now, and whether that access is justified for the person’s current role or engagement. A username list or audit log alone cannot answer both. Reconcile identities and relationships with effective permissions, grant paths, business need, and lifecycle status.
- Identity and status: active employees, current contractors, guests or external collaborators, service identities, and people whose employment or engagement has ended.
- Scope: organization or collection, project, all repositories, individual repositories, and relevant build or deployment resources.
- Grant path: direct assignment, group membership or rule, inherited access, or an exceptional individual permission.
- Capability: read, write/contribute, administration, token, pipeline, or service-connection access, as applicable to your platform.
- Need and accountability: business justification, approving manager or code owner, and an accountable owner for each non-human identity.
- Evidence and timing: snapshot date, reviewer, approval or exception, change record, and verification date.
These are review dimensions, not a universal scoring formula. The required depth and cadence depend on your code’s sensitivity, organizational policy, and applicable obligations.
How to run the review
1. Define scope, owner, and review date
List the code-hosting organizations or collections, projects, repositories, and production-critical code in scope. Name an engineering owner and an independent reviewer. Record the business unit and review date, and decide whether the review covers contractors, guests, service accounts, bots, deploy keys, personal access tokens, pipelines, and service connections. Define what read, write, and administrative rights mean in the platform under review.
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If you use Azure DevOps Services, first establish whether auditing is enabled. Microsoft says auditing is off by default, is available only for organizations backed by Microsoft Entra ID, and is documented as a public preview. See Microsoft’s Azure DevOps audit-log documentation.
2. Build and reconcile the identity population
Collect the current source-hosting identities, account states, identity types, group memberships, and relationship owners. Compare them with the authoritative employee and contractor directory and engagement records. Explicitly identify guests and external collaborators. Separate human accounts from service identities so a named owner can confirm why each machine identity needs access.
In Azure DevOps Services, organization management can use both direct user assignments and group rules. Therefore, checking only an individual-user list can miss access delivered through groups. Review both direct assignments and the groups or rules that confer access; see Microsoft’s organization-management guidance.
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Azure Repos supports permissions at the all-repositories level within a project and at individual-repository level. Microsoft also provides a repository permissions report that can be requested for one repository or all repositories in a project. Treat that report as a dated snapshot: trace unusual or broad rights to the group or direct grant that provides them. See Set Git repository permissions and Download a permissions report.
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Ask each manager or code owner to confirm the person’s need and the specific repositories or project scope required. For contractors, verify current engagement dates and a named sponsor. Investigate accounts without an owner or current justification, broad access left over from a completed project, and unusual elevated privileges.
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An absence of recent login activity is a reason to investigate, not proof that access is unnecessary; automation and infrequent work may have legitimate access needs. Microsoft’s Azure DevOps security guidance recommends reviewing and revoking special permissions granted to individual users and revoking administrator personal access tokens (PATs). See Make your Azure DevOps secure.
5. Remove unneeded access and verify the result
Reduce or remove unneeded repository, project, group, and administrative grants. For a departure or expired engagement, coordinate identity-provider disablement or removal with source-hosting changes. Check alternate paths, including another group, a guest account, a token, or a service credential, rather than assuming one account change has closed every route.
Record who made each change, then take a fresh permissions view or report and confirm the effective state. Microsoft’s offboarding guidance discusses disabling or deleting Microsoft Entra user accounts while keeping the Azure DevOps user account active in the workflow context. That wording is not a reason to leave usable access in place after departure: validate effective Azure DevOps access after directory changes and remove platform access as needed. Before removing a user, review relevant team memberships and ownership of pipelines or service connections for handoff needs. See Microsoft’s user-removal guidance.
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6. Retain evidence and set the next review
Keep the dated permissions export or report, identity reconciliation, reviewer approvals, exceptions with owners and expiry dates, remediation records, and post-remediation verification. Protect these records: access evidence can expose sensitive information about code and privileged accounts.
Azure DevOps audit events can document events such as permission changes and log access or downloads, with details including actor, IP address, timestamp, area, category, and description. Microsoft documents a 90-day retention period, after which events are deleted; export them externally or configure audit streaming if longer retention is needed. See Azure DevOps audit logs, export, and filter. The retention period describes this service’s documented behavior, not a general retention rule for other platforms.
Choose a scheduled review interval based on code sensitivity, contractor and employee turnover, and material access changes. No universal interval is established here. Also trigger a review after offboarding, a role change, or another event that could make existing access inappropriate.
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How to use audit logs without mistaking them for an access review
A permissions export is a snapshot of configured access; it may not establish who approved a grant or when it changed. An audit log records events, but a change history does not tell you whether today’s permissions match current work. Use both where available: the snapshot to examine effective access, and event records to investigate the history and timing of changes. Preserve relevant log evidence promptly when retention is limited.
What to adapt for your source-control platform
The platform-specific examples above describe Azure DevOps Services and Azure Repos, not GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket, or self-hosted installations. For another environment, identify the equivalent sources for organization or project membership, repository permissions, group-derived access, identity status, exceptional credentials, and change history. Reconcile those records with your identity provider and workforce or contractor records; verify actual permissions after remediation rather than assuming another platform’s controls behave like Azure DevOps.
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