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Do not ignore the notice or assume that an allegation means fraud has been proven. Keep the letter and envelope, identify what program and action it concerns, verify the communication through official IRS.gov or SBA.gov resources you reach independently, and use the response method and deadline in the authentic notice. IRS and SBA matters do not share one universal response process.

Start by preserving and checking the notice

  1. Save the complete notice. Keep the envelope, every page, and any attachments. Scan or photograph them, and note when you received the letter. Keep a copy of anything you submit and a dated record of calls or other contacts; the IRS advises taxpayers to retain correspondence and contact records.
  2. Identify what the agency is asking about. Record the sender, program (such as the Employee Retention Credit, Paycheck Protection Program, or COVID Economic Injury Disaster Loan), tax period or loan identifier, requested action, requested documents, response date, and submission method.
  3. Verify the communication independently. Go to IRS.gov or SBA.gov by typing the address yourself or using a trusted bookmark. Find the relevant agency notice or program guidance there, rather than relying only on a phone number, QR code, payment link, or email address in a suspicious message. An SBA logo alone does not establish that a webpage is accurate or endorsed by SBA, the agency’s Office of Inspector General warns.
  4. Follow the authentic notice’s route. Do not transfer a deadline, appeal procedure, or payment instruction from a different notice to yours. If the notice is real but its request or process is unclear, use contact information independently verified on the appropriate official government site.

A government letter is not automatically a scam: the IRS says it may contact taxpayers by letter and tells recipients to follow genuine notice instructions. Conversely, an allegation, request for information, or debt demand is not by itself a finding that you committed fraud.

Match the letter to the process

These processes address different problems. The notice or decision identifies the route that applies; a complaint to one office does not replace a response required by another.

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Situation What to do and what the process addresses Deadline or channel
IRS tax or ERC notice Use the notice’s instructions, check the tax year and issue, and respond with the documents it requests. The IRS notice and scam guidance explains that procedures vary by notice. The deadline and submission route are notice-specific; use the genuine letter and verify it through IRS.gov.
Someone used your identity to obtain SBA funding Submit a photo ID, an Identity Theft Report filed through IdentityTheft.gov or local police, and a completed, signed SBA Declaration of Identity Theft. This is SBA’s identity-theft process. SBA lists Loan Portal upload and program-specific email, fax, and mail options. Check its current identity-theft page before sending identity documents because routes can change.
You want to report suspected fraud involving an SBA program or personnel Send a complaint to the SBA Office of Inspector General (OIG). Include the program, known identifying or contact information for the subject, what happened, its scope and timeframe, and relevant attachments. You may report without giving personally identifying information, though anonymous reports may be harder to process. Use the current SBA OIG Hotline instructions. An OIG complaint does not answer a notice addressed to you.
You disagree with a PPP lender decision Contact the lender. SBA’s Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA) says it does not hear appeals of lender decisions. Follow the lender’s process; the SBA OHA PPP appeals page does not establish an OHA appeal route for a lender decision.
You received a qualifying final SBA PPP loan review decision File with SBA OHA through its appeals portal. SBA says the appeal should include the decision, a full and specific explanation with supporting facts and legal arguments, and borrower or counsel contact details. Give the lender a copy of the appeal if you want to extend loan deferment through the final OHA decision. The borrower has 30 calendar days after receiving the final SBA loan review decision to file. This is not a deadline for every SBA letter. Follow the applicable procedural rule and any OHA order.
You received an SBA repayment or demand letter Read the particular letter for the amount sought, response options, submission route, and deadline. SBA OIG’s September 16, 2026 Operation NO DOZE announcement says these notices provide instructions and an opportunity to repay or otherwise respond through the process identified in the letter. Use the demand letter’s own deadline and process. SBA OIG says failure to resolve a matter on time may lead to Treasury collection or administrative, civil, or criminal referral; do not assume the PPP appeal deadline applies.

If the notice concerns an ERC claim

The Employee Retention Credit (ERC) is a tax credit claimed on a federal employment tax return. The IRS says eligibility depends on the relevant period and the employer’s circumstances; a notice about a claim does not, on its own, establish intentional fraud. Check the tax period and issue named in the letter against the IRS ERC guidance, then respond using that notice’s instructions.

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2 Pack Yearly Tax Organizer, 13"x9.65" Spiral Receipt Organizer, 12 Pockets
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The IRS warns that an incorrect ERC claim may need to be repaid and may result in penalties and interest. If you are unsure whether the claim was correct or how to respond to an examination or repayment issue, consider consulting a qualified tax professional who can review the actual return and notice.

If someone used your information or you paid a scammer

For suspected SBA identity theft, use the three-document submission route in the table and confirm the current delivery options on SBA.gov. For tax identity theft, the IRS advises reporting it, considering a report to your state tax agency, setting up an IRS online account, and obtaining an Identity Protection PIN.

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1 Pack Yearly Tax Organizer, 13x9.65 Spiral Receipt Organizer, 12 Pockets
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If you gave information or money to a scammer, stop communicating and do not send more money or personal information. Contact your financial institution if an account or payment method may be affected, and follow the steps at IdentityTheft.gov. Be wary of anyone who promises to recover money for a fee: the IRS warns that scam victims may be targeted again.

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Suspicious IRS emails and messages have separate reporting procedures. The IRS says not to reply, click links, or open attachments in a suspicious email; follow its current “Report fake IRS, Treasury or tax-related emails and messages” instructions. Reporting routes differ for email, text, social media, websites, phone calls, and mail.

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  • Protective flap and elastic cord closure
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What the pandemic-fraud figures do—and do not—say

In September 2026, SBA announced suspensions involving 870,000 U.S. borrowers tied to an estimated $39 billion in suspected pandemic-era PPP and COVID EIDL activity. That agency announcement describes suspected activity; it does not establish that every affected borrower committed proven fraud, or determine whether an individual notice is genuine.

These figures are enforcement context, not a measure of the odds that a particular letter is real or a judgment about its recipient. The notice, the underlying program records, and the applicable agency process determine what response is needed in an individual case.

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