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Keep your distance and contact a local wildlife rehabilitator or wildlife authority promptly. If the bird is oiled, do not wash or scrub it. If it is caught in plastic, netting, or fishing line, ask a local expert what to do before trying to free it. Give responders the bird’s exact location and condition, and keep people and pets away while you wait.

What to do first

  1. Stay at a safe distance. Do not put yourself at risk to reach the bird, and avoid handling a distressed seabird without instructions from a responder.
  2. Record what you can see. Note the location and access point, time, visible contamination, and any obvious injury. If safe, take a photo or short video from a distance. Do not delay an urgent call to get a better image.
  3. Contact local wildlife help. Call a wildlife rehabilitator, wildlife authority, or established spill-response service. Explain whether the bird is covered in oil or caught in plastic, line, or netting, and describe its behavior and injuries.
  4. Report an oil spill separately when appropriate. If oil may have entered the environment, contact the official spill-response authority as well as reporting the live bird when local guidance calls for both.
  5. Ask before approaching, containing, or transporting the bird. Wait for local instructions; there is no single capture or transport procedure established for every seabird and situation.

If the seabird is covered in oil

Do not wash, scrub, bathe, or apply household products to the bird. Oil can clog and mat feathers, stripping away their natural waterproofing. Affected birds may become hypothermic or lose buoyancy, and they may ingest oil while preening. An alert-looking bird can still need urgent expert attention. NOAA explains why oil response should be left to experts; the RSPB also advises the public not to clean oiled birds, because specialist equipment and expertise are needed.

Professional care is more than a wash: trained responders assess the bird, then may wash, rinse, dry, and monitor it in a rehabilitation facility. NOAA’s educational page says responders cleaned and released more than 1,200 birds after the Deepwater Horizon spill. That is a count from one response, not a general survival rate or a promise that every oiled bird can be saved. NOAA describes the professional cleaning process. Tri-State Bird Rescue & Research likewise says not to clean or bathe an oiled animal and to contact a rehabilitator: Oiled Wildlife Response.

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If the seabird is tangled in plastic, netting, or line

Tell the responder what the material is and where it is caught, and describe any visible injury or hook. Do not assume it is safe to cut the material or pull the bird free: the right response depends on the injury, entanglement, access, and local advice. Fishing gear, lost or abandoned line, and other debris can injure or constrict wildlife; the NOAA Fisheries entanglement guidance describes trained-response arrangements for the marine mammals and turtles it covers, not a universal seabird procedure. The RSPCA advises contacting it about animals tangled in fishing line; follow the appropriate organization for your location.

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A narrow exception: an angler has accidentally hooked a seabird

NOAA Fisheries gives specific advice for a U.S. angler dealing with a seabird accidentally caught while fishing: reel it in slowly and gently, do not lift it by the line, and use a dip net if available. Contact a local game warden if the bird is seriously injured, deeply hooked, or has swallowed the hook. These steps address that angler situation; they are not general instructions for a passerby who finds a bird tangled in plastic or line. See NOAA Fisheries’ seabird protection and avoidance tips.

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Who to contact depends on where you are

Contact routes and authorities vary by location. Use your local wildlife authority, licensed rehabilitator, or official spill-response organization; do not assume a number or procedure from another country applies where you are.

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United Kingdom

RSPB guidance says to contact the Coastguard using the local number for coastal oil incidents, or the Environment Agency at 0800 80 70 60 for inland incidents. For live oiled birds, its page lists RSPCA 0300 1234 999 for England and Wales, SSPCA 03000 999 999 for Scotland, and USPCA 028 3025 1000 for Northern Ireland. Check the RSPB’s current guidance to confirm numbers and remit before relying on them.

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United States

For an oiled bird, NOAA recommends using an established oiled-wildlife reporting hotline if one is available; otherwise, contact the local U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service office. The game-warden contact applies to the specific serious or deeply hooked bird cases described above, not to every oil or entanglement report. See NOAA’s oiled-bird guidance and its seabird angler guidance.

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Protect yourself and avoid making the situation worse

  • Keep children and pets away from the bird while help is arranged.
  • Do not attempt to clean an oiled bird or use household products on it.
  • Do not generalize instructions for an accidentally hooked bird to all plastic or line entanglements.
  • Handle or transport the bird only if a qualified responder instructs you to do so. Some birds can injure people, and contact should be minimized.

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