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If you believe a fire was deliberately set, prioritize safety, follow police and fire officials’ directions, and contact your insurer promptly. Do not enter a restricted or unsafe scene, handle suspicious objects, clean up, or discard damaged property before investigators and the insurer have had an opportunity to inspect it. The exact access rules, claim deadlines, required paperwork, and coverage depend on your location and policy.

1. Stay out of unsafe or restricted areas

Follow emergency officials’ instructions. Do not cross a police or fire-service boundary or enter a building that authorities have restricted or that may be unsafe. In suspected arson cases, scene access, searches, and evidence handling can have legal requirements; coordinate any access with the investigating authority. The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) notes that “The scene may contain devices specifically designed to kill or maim public safety responders.” If you see something suspicious, move away and notify emergency services or police rather than approaching it.

Investigators and qualified personnel are responsible for documenting and processing the scene. Do not search for, touch, move, or package possible evidence yourself. The NIJ’s fire-scene guidance is directed to investigators and first responders, not homeowners collecting evidence. Read the NIJ guide to investigating fire and arson.

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2. Confirm the incident has been reported

Check with police that the suspected arson has been reported. Ask for the incident or reference number and the appropriate contact for questions about the investigation or access to the property. Alaska’s Division of Insurance specifically advises reporting losses involving possible arson to police. See Alaska’s homeowner insurance guidance; procedures elsewhere may differ.

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3. Preserve the scene and damaged belongings

Until the investigator and insurer have had a chance to inspect and advise, avoid cleaning, moving debris, making permanent repairs, or throwing away damaged belongings. Keep other people out of any restricted area. NIJ recommends controlling access and preventing contamination when evidence is collected; for a property owner, the practical step is to leave possible evidence in place and ask police or the fire investigator before entering or changing anything.

Keep damaged items for inspection unless the insurer or relevant authority tells you otherwise. Fire and Rescue NSW advises not throwing damaged goods away before the assessor’s inventory, while Alaska advises preserving damaged property until the adjuster directs otherwise. Coordinate cleanup and repairs with the insurer and investigator where relevant.

Do not confuse guidance for emergency responders with instructions for residents. The U.S. Fire Administration tells first responders, “Do not overhaul prior to the arrival of the fire investigator.” That is not a direction for residents to interfere with firefighting or emergency operations. Read the U.S. Fire Administration’s first-responder guidance.

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4. Open the insurance claim and get instructions

Contact your insurer promptly to report the loss and ask how to open a claim. Where practical, request instructions in writing. Find out who will inspect the property, what records or forms are needed, what emergency mitigation is allowed, and whether temporary accommodation or other additional living expenses may be covered by your policy.

Record the claim number, adjuster’s contact details, dates, and a brief summary of each conversation. Ask whether a proposed cleanup, mitigation, or repair service needs advance approval before hiring anyone. Queensland’s fire service also advises consulting the insurer before engaging cleaners or tradespeople. See Queensland’s fire recovery advice.

Do not assume an expense will be reimbursed or that temporary accommodation is covered. Benefits, exclusions, deductibles, deadlines, and evidence requirements vary by policy and jurisdiction. NSW and Queensland recovery guidance both direct residents to check applicable accommodation or claim provisions with their insurer. Read Fire and Rescue NSW’s “What to do after the fire” guidance.

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5. Document damage from a safe, permitted location

Do not enter an unsafe or restricted area to gather information. From a place you are allowed to be, take photos or video of visible damage before any cleanup or repair, if doing so is safe. Alaska’s insurance regulator recommends documenting damage before cleanup or repairs and keeping records of communications with the insurer.

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Prepare an itemized list of damaged property. Include descriptions and, when you know them, quantities, purchase dates or prices, and replacement costs. Do not guess at missing details; mark them as unknown and update the list if you later find reliable information. Queensland’s guidance also recommends listing and photographing damaged property.

Keep copies of your insurance policy, claim correspondence, incident details, and receipts for recovery expenses. Ask the insurer which documents it needs and retain receipts for reasonable emergency costs, without assuming that any particular expense is covered. Alaska’s guidance covers photos, inventories, property preservation, and communication records; Queensland’s recovery advice covers inventories, photographs, insurer contact, and receipts.

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6. Let the insurer and investigator guide cleanup and repairs

Before arranging disposal, cleanup, or repairs, check with the insurer and, when relevant, the investigator. Keep damaged items available for inspection until you receive direction. If urgent mitigation is necessary to protect people or prevent further damage, ask the insurer what work is permitted and document the condition and any resulting expenses from a safe location.

Rules for access and investigation, claim procedures, deadlines, and coverage are not universal: the NIJ guidance is for U.S. investigators, while the consumer recovery advice cited here comes from Alaska, New South Wales, and Queensland. Follow the authorities handling your scene and the terms of the policy that applies to you.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.

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