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Project Bison was announced in 2022 as a planned direct-air-capture (DAC) project in Wyoming, with a target of removing five million metric tons of CO2 per year by 2030. That was a future capacity goal, not verified output: later reporting says the project was delayed and CarbonCapture pulled the plug after it could not secure electricity. The company’s current website still lists Bison, but does not establish that the plant has been commissioned or is operating at the announced scale.

What was Project Bison supposed to be?

CarbonCapture and Frontier Carbon Solutions announced Project Bison in September 2022 as a staged direct-air-capture and underground-storage project in Wyoming. The companies described it as a planned project that could become the world’s largest atmospheric carbon-removal facility if its buildout reached the announced capacity. That was a claim about planned capacity, not a verified ranking of operating plants.

The 2022 announcement laid out these intended milestones:

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Announced milestone Planned annual removal capacity
Phase one About 10,000 tons per year
By 2026 200,000 tons per year
By 2028 One million tons per year
By 2030 Five million metric tons per year

These were targets stated in the 2022 announcement, not evidence that the stages were completed. The original plan also pointed to a late-2023 operating date; that date, like the later capacity milestones, should be understood as a historical projection rather than delivered output.

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Is the Wyoming plant operating now?

The available evidence does not verify that Project Bison is operating or capturing CO2 at its announced scale. Food & Water Watch’s October 2025 report says CarbonCapture had no employees in Wyoming as of June 2023 and later pulled the plug on the project after it could not source electricity amid competition from data centers and cryptocurrency miners.

There is a present-tense listing to interpret carefully: CarbonCapture’s current website still describes Bison as its “multi-megaton carbon removal project in Wyoming.” The page also presents the company’s Leo Series modules and carbon-removal credit business, but does not provide an operating date or evidence of Bison’s commissioning or measured removals. A retained project listing is not proof of an operating plant.

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Why was Project Bison delayed or pulled?

The specific obstacle identified in Food & Water Watch’s October 2025 account is electricity sourcing. The report says CarbonCapture could not secure electricity while competing with data centers and cryptocurrency miners, and that the company subsequently pulled the plug on Bison. The original schedule therefore did not translate into the planned operating project on the announced timetable.

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How was the planned capture system meant to work?

Capture CO2 from ambient air

Direct air capture draws in ordinary air and uses a material called a sorbent to bind CO2. The 2022 Project Bison description specified solid sorbents: air passes over the material, which captures some of its CO2.

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Release concentrated CO2 and prepare the sorbent for reuse

Applying heat releases the captured CO2 from the sorbent as a more concentrated gas, leaving the sorbent available for another capture cycle. The proposed design emphasized modular reactor units, with container-sized modules arranged in tiers, replaceable sorbent cartridges, and shared power and heat within clusters.

Move the CO2 to storage

The Bison proposal paired capture with underground storage in deep saline aquifers. In a DAC-and-storage pathway, concentrated CO2 must be transported from the capture equipment to a suitable injection site, then injected into deep geological formations for storage. The project description identifies the intended storage pathway; it does not establish that Bison completed injection or demonstrate the performance of a specific storage site.

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What do the company’s module and cost figures mean?

CarbonCapture’s current website says each Leo Series module is about the size of a standard shipping container and is capable of capturing more than 500 tons of CO2 from air each year. The company says modules can be connected in arrays. That is a company-stated capability for its module system, not a reported measurement of Project Bison’s actual output.

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A 2022 New Atlas/Refractor report cited roughly US$600 per ton as an early DAC capture cost at Climeworks and described a goal of about US$100 per ton at scale. Those historical figures concern Climeworks, not Project Bison, and are neither a current Bison price nor evidence of Bison’s cost.

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What the “world’s biggest” claim does—and does not—tell you

The phrase referred to Bison’s announced ambition: five million metric tons of annual removal capacity by 2030 if the planned stages were built. Capacity targets describe what a facility is intended to handle; they are not the same as measured CO2 removals. Given the reported project pullback and the absence of verified operating output in the available sources, the claim should not be read as saying Wyoming has a functioning five-million-ton-per-year plant.

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