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WavSteg is a Python command-line utility that hides file data in the least significant bits (LSBs) of samples in a WAV file, then extracts it later. Its documented workflow needs a carrier WAV, the file to embed, an output WAV, and an LSB count. To recover the payload, you also need its exact byte size.
How WavSteg hides data in a WAV file
The project README describes WavSteg as using least significant bit steganography to hide a file in WAV samples. In practice, it overwrites selected low-order bits in the audio samples with bits from the payload. The WAV remains an audio file, while its sample data carries the embedded bytes.
WavSteg is part of the Python stego-lsb / Steganography project. The documented command-line entry point is stegolsb; the project also supports importing functions. The README documents WAV input, but does not establish compatibility with every WAV variant, codec, sample rate, operating system, or audio editor.
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- Python 3 and the Steganography project installed so the
stegolsbcommand is available. - A WAV carrier file.
- The file you want to embed and a destination path for the resulting WAV.
- An LSB count. The CLI help documents a default of two if no count is supplied; the example below explicitly selects one.
- For recovery, the LSB count used when embedding and the exact original payload size in bytes.
Hide a file in a WAV
Use the documented hide mode, replacing the example filenames with your own:
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stegolsb wavsteg -h -i sound.wav -s file.txt -o sound_steg.wav -n 1Here, -h selects hiding, -i names the carrier WAV, -s names the payload file, -o sets the output WAV, and -n selects the number of LSBs used. Keep a note of the chosen count and the payload’s exact byte size for recovery.
Recover the embedded file
Run recovery against the stego WAV and write the extracted bytes to a destination file:
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stegolsb wavsteg -r -i sound_steg.wav -o output.txt -n 2 -b 5589889In this example, -r selects recovery, -i is the WAV containing hidden data, -o is the output path, -n is the LSB count, and -b specifies how many payload bytes to recover. The example value is illustrative; use the actual byte count of your own original file. The README warns that an inaccurate size can produce output that is too short or includes extraneous data.
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Capacity and practical limits
Capacity depends on the WAV carrier and the number of LSBs selected. If a requested payload is too large, the README says WavSteg reports the minimum number of LSBs required. Its example output says a particular run could hide 6,551,441 bytes using two LSBs and then reports hiding 5,589,889 bytes. Those are undated example-run values, not universal limits or a reproducible benchmark.
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The implementation uses Python’s wave module, derives sample or frame information from the input, and checks for unsupported sample bit depth. The cited project documentation does not provide a complete compatibility matrix. A WAV that has been altered or re-encoded by an audio editor may no longer preserve the embedded data, so keep the generated stego WAV unchanged when transferring it.
Does WavSteg encrypt the hidden file?
The inspected WavSteg documentation establishes embedding and recovery, not encryption or guaranteed resistance to steganalysis. Hiding data in sample bits is not the same as encrypting it: do not treat the embedded payload as confidential merely because it is inside an audio file. If confidentiality matters, encrypt the payload separately before embedding it.
Quick Recap
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Sources
- Steganography project README: WavSteg description, CLI examples, capacity behavior, and recovery-size warning.
- WavSteg implementation: WAV handling and sample-width validation.
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