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On September 4, 2024, the U.S. Justice Department announced the ongoing seizure of 32 internet domains it said were used in Russia’s “Doppelganger” influence operation. On the same day, the Treasury Department designated 10 individuals and two entities for sanctions. The actions targeted different parts of the alleged campaign: DOJ pursued court-authorized domain seizures and described alleged criminal violations, while Treasury used sanctions. The allegations have not, on the basis of these announcements, been established as findings of guilt.
What the U.S. did on September 4, 2024
The response had two distinct parts. DOJ announced an ongoing seizure of domains through court process; Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) announced sanctions designations. The numbers describe enforcement actions, not the campaign’s audience size or its effect on voters.
| Agency | Action announced | What the count means |
|---|---|---|
| Department of Justice | Ongoing seizure of 32 internet domains allegedly used in the operation | DOJ’s domain-seizure count; not a measure of reach or impact. DOJ announcement, September 4, 2024. |
| Treasury Department (OFAC) | Sanctions designation of 10 individuals and two entities | Treasury’s designation count; not a measure of operation size or election effect. Treasury announcement, September 4, 2024. |
How the alleged Doppelganger campaign worked
DOJ said the operation used websites that imitated established news outlets alongside newly created media brands. The alleged purpose was to make Russian government messaging look as if it came from legitimate or independent media. To drive people to that content, DOJ described the use of influencers, paid social-media advertising—including some material it said was AI-generated—and fake social-media profiles posing as U.S. or other non-Russian citizens.
According to DOJ, the alleged campaign sought to reduce international support for Ukraine, promote pro-Russian policies and interests, and influence voters in U.S. and foreign elections. The department named Germany, Mexico, and Israel among the audiences of related efforts. These descriptions are claims by the government, not independent measurements of persuasion or electoral impact.
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What DOJ alleged—and what it did not establish
DOJ alleged that Social Design Agency (SDA), Structura National Technology (Structura), and ANO Dialog operated under the direction and control of the Russian Presidential Administration, particularly First Deputy Chief of Staff Sergei Vladilenovich Kiriyenko. It said the alleged use of U.S.-based domain names at the direction of, or for the benefit of, sanctioned persons violated the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA). DOJ also alleged that payments for online infrastructure violated federal money-laundering laws.
The department further described alleged criminal trademark violations involving cybersquatted domains that used names and content mimicking legitimate media outlets with trademarks registered on the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office’s Principal Register. The DOJ release describes alleged violations and an affidavit supporting domain seizures; it does not report convictions or establish that a court found the accused parties guilty. A seizure is an enforcement step, not itself a verdict.
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What Treasury’s sanctions targeted
Treasury characterized its September 4 designations as part of a coordinated U.S. response to Russian malign influence efforts targeting the 2024 presidential election, following earlier measures including designations in March 2024. Sanctions are distinct from DOJ’s court process: the September announcement’s count covers designated individuals and entities, not seized websites. Treasury’s announcement describes the action and its targets: September 4, 2024 OFAC designations.
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A separate sanctions action followed in December
On December 31, 2024, Treasury announced another sanctions action covering both Iranian and Russian actors. It designated the Moscow-based Center for Geopolitical Expertise and its director, Valery Mikhaylovich Korovin, whom Treasury described as affiliates of the Russian GRU; the action also covered an Iranian organization. This was a separate action under Executive Order 13848, not the September domain-seizure announcement. See Treasury’s December 31, 2024 announcement and the State Department’s related statement.
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What is known about later outcomes
The September 2024 DOJ and Treasury announcements establish what the agencies said they were doing at that time. They do not establish the present status of every seized domain, related court proceedings, or each sanctions designation. Those outcomes require checking current court records and Treasury’s live sanctions information; the September announcements alone should not be treated as proof of a later conviction or as a current-status report.
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