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If a mobile page set to height: 100vh extends below the visible screen or puts a button behind the browser bars, the issue is usually that the bars change the visible area as someone scrolls. In current default behavior, vh corresponds to the large viewport height, not necessarily the height visible while browser controls are expanded. Choose svh, lvh, or dvh according to how the page should behave; none is best for every design.
Choose the viewport unit that matches the design
| What the element should do | Unit | Trade-off |
|---|---|---|
| Fit while browser controls are expanded, avoiding content behind them | 100svh |
May leave open space when the controls retract. |
| Fill the largest viewport after browser controls retract | 100lvh |
Some content may be obscured when the controls return. |
| Track the viewport as browser controls appear or disappear | 100dvh |
The element can resize during scrolling, moving content or causing a jarring effect. |
| Provide a rule for browsers that do not support the newer units | 100vh, followed by a supported newer unit |
The fallback is usable syntax, not a guarantee of ideal sizing in older mobile browsers. |
What changes when browser bars move
A mobile browser’s address and navigation bars can expand or retract while a person scrolls. That changes the area currently visible, but the CSS viewport basis used for a height may not follow that change. The CSS Values and Units specification defines small, large, dynamic, and default viewport sizes to let authors choose which state a viewport-relative length represents.
svhuses the small viewport height, with dynamic browser controls expanded. It stays stable as those controls retract, so space can be left unused.lvhuses the large viewport height, with controls retracted. It fills that larger state, but its content can be covered when controls are expanded again.dvhuses the dynamic viewport height and changes as browser controls appear or disappear.vhcurrently corresponds tolvh, so100vhcan exceed the visible area while the bars are expanded.
MDN describes the small viewport units as generally safer when controls are expanded, while noting they may not look as attractive after a person interacts with the page. Its CSS length reference explains the trade-off. The CSS Values and Units Module Level 4 defines the viewport unit families.
Use a fallback and let content grow
For a hero or panel that should fit with browser controls visible, use min-height so content can extend beyond one screen rather than being forced into a fixed box:
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.hero {
min-height: 100vh;
min-height: 100svh;
}
The browser uses the later declaration if it supports svh; otherwise, it can fall back to the earlier vh rule. That fallback does not erase the older unit’s mobile sizing trade-off. Prefer min-height when text or controls may need more room; use fixed height only when clipping or internal scrolling is intentional.
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Set the mobile layout viewport separately
Include the standard viewport hint in the page head:
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
This tag and the newer height units solve different problems. The meta tag sets the layout viewport for mobile; the CSS units choose the viewport basis for lengths. Without the tag, some mobile browsers may lay out a page against a virtual viewport typically around 980 CSS pixels and scale it down. See MDN’s viewport concepts reference.
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Do not assume dvh handles the on-screen keyboard
The virtual keyboard is a separate viewport issue. Chrome for Developers says dynamic viewport units do not account for the virtual keyboard by default; the visual viewport can shrink while the layout viewport remains unchanged. For a keyboard-aware dialog or form, treat visual-viewport behavior as a separate requirement rather than assuming 100dvh will keep it fitted. See Chrome for Developers’ I/O 2023 CSS and UI overview.
Check support in the browsers you target
Chrome for Developers’ published support panel lists Chrome 108, Edge 108, Firefox 101, and Safari 15.4 for the newer viewport-unit feature. These are the versions reported in that article, not a guarantee for every embedded browser, browser fork, or later release. Test the actual target browsers and devices, particularly in-app browsers and pages with keyboard-driven forms.
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- YOUR CONTENT, SUPER SMOOTH: The ultra-clear 6.7" FHD+ Super AMOLED display of Galaxy A17 5G helps bring your content to life, whether you're scrolling through recipes or video chatting with loved ones.¹
- LIVE FAST. CHARGE FASTER: Focus more on the moment and less on your battery percentage with Galaxy A17 5G. Super Fast Charging powers up your battery so you can get back to life sooner.²
- MEMORIES MADE PICTURE PERFECT: Capture every angle in stunning clarity, from wide family photos to close-ups of friends, with the triple-lens camera on Galaxy A17 5G.
- NEED MORE STORAGE? WE HAVE YOU COVERED: With an improved 2TB of expandable storage, Galaxy A17 5G makes it easy to keep cherished photos, videos and important files readily accessible whenever you need them.³
- BUILT TO LAST: With an improved IP54 rating, Galaxy A17 5G is even more durable than before.⁴ It’s built to resist splashes and dust and comes with a stronger yet slimmer Gorilla Glass Victus front and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer back.
- Check the page with browser controls expanded and retracted.
- Confirm bottom controls remain reachable in each state.
- Watch for unwanted resizing or content movement if using
dvh. - Open forms and dialogs with the virtual keyboard to check them independently.
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