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A pull request can show a column of green checks and still refuse to merge. In most cases the merge rule is waiting on a specific required check that never reported a result for the commit GitHub is evaluating, or on a branch that is behind the base branch the rule requires it to include. Those are different problems, and the usual fix for one does nothing for the other.

A write-up titled “The Commit That Wouldn’t Merge,” dated September 9, 2026, walks through a clear example of the first problem. The details below follow that author’s account. They have not been independently reproduced against a live repository, so treat the case as an illustration of a failure mode that GitHub’s documentation also describes, rather than as verified repository history.

What the blocked pull request looked like

In the account, pull request #48 targeted develop. Other checks were green, but the merge button was gray. The merge box said: “This branch is out-of-date with the base branch and must be updated.” The repository also required a check named lint-python, and that check stayed in the expected state with no matching job run in the Actions history.

The cause was a workflow condition that only ran the lint job when the pull request’s base branch was main. Because the pull request targeted develop, the required check was never created.

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The author rebased the feature branch and reran CI. The block remained. The out-of-date message pointed toward branch freshness, but freshness was not the real blocker: the required check still had nothing to report. After the author removed the restrictive condition so the job ran for both main and develop, the check appeared, passed, and the merge went through.

Why “all checks are green” is not the same as “mergeable”

A green summary only covers checks that actually ran. A required status check is different: it must pass before a pull request can merge into a protected branch, and GitHub treats a required check that has not yet reported as expected, meaning it is waiting for a status that may never arrive. A pull request can therefore look almost finished while one invisible check holds the merge button shut.

When you look at a blocked pull request, the question to answer is not “are the checks passing?” but “which checks does the protection rule require, and has each one reported on the commit that matters?”

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Three separate conditions that block a merge

Condition What you typically see Usual cause First response
Out-of-date branch Merge box says the branch is out of date and must be updated The protection rule uses strict required status checks, and the feature branch does not include the latest commit from its base branch Merge or rebase the base branch into the feature branch, then wait for checks on the new commit
Required check never reports Required check stays expected or pending with no matching run The workflow was skipped or never triggered for this event and target branch, or the required check name or source does not match the job Compare the required check name and source with the workflow job, then correct the trigger or condition
Required check fails Check shows a failure The job ran and did not pass Open the job logs and fix the failing step
Job skipped by a job-level condition Job appears as skipped An if: condition on the job evaluated to false; GitHub documents that such a job reports success Confirm the skip is intended. It does not block by itself, but a required check tied to a different job name still will

The first two rows are the ones that confuse people, because a rebase can make the first look fixed while the second persists.

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How to find the blocker

  1. Read the merge box exactly. Identify whether it names an out-of-date branch, a missing or pending check, a failed check, a required review, or another protection rule.
  2. Open the details of the required check. Compare its exact name and expected source with the workflow job name and with the branch protection rule or ruleset that targets the branch. GitHub lets a required check be tied to a specific GitHub App as its source, so a check with the right name from the wrong source will not satisfy the rule.
  3. Confirm that the workflow is triggered by the pull request event for the target branch in question. Review branch filters, path filters, commit-message skip instructions, and job-level if: conditions.
  4. If the only problem is branch freshness, update the feature branch from its base and wait for checks on the applicable commit. This will not help if the workflow never emits the required check.
  5. If the repository uses a merge queue, confirm that the required workflows also run on the merge_group event (see the merge queue section below).
  6. After any change, confirm the required check reports for every protected target branch and every event where it is required.

Which commit the required check has to report on

GitHub’s troubleshooting guidance says a required check must report against the relevant latest commit, or the applicable test merge commit for pull requests. When a check looks stuck, work out two things: which commit is expected to carry the result, and which event triggered the workflow. A check that ran on an earlier commit before a rebase will not satisfy the rule for the new head.

Workflow conditions that leave a required check pending

Branch filters and target-branch conditions

This is the failure in the reported case. A workflow limited to one target branch never runs for pull requests aimed at another, so any check that the protection rule requires for that branch stays pending. The fix is to make the workflow cover every branch where the check is required. For example:

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Use the list that matches your own protection rules. The point is that the trigger and the required policy should describe the same set of branches.

Path filters

GitHub documents that when a workflow is skipped by path filtering, its associated required check can remain pending and block the merge. A docs-only change, for instance, may skip a path-filtered workflow entirely. GitHub’s advice is to avoid requiring workflows that can be skipped. If a path-filtered workflow must remain optional, it should not be a required check.

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Commit-message skip instructions

A workflow skipped by a commit-message instruction behaves the same way for merging purposes: its required check may stay pending. Do not require a check that a commit message can switch off.

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Job-level conditions

A job skipped by a job-level if: condition is a different case. GitHub’s troubleshooting page says that such a job reports success, while a skipped workflow can leave its checks pending. Knowing which kind of skip you have determines whether the skip is a problem at all.

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Merge queues and the merge_group event

If the repository uses a merge queue, GitHub documents merge_group as a separate trigger from pull_request. A required GitHub Actions workflow that only listens for pull request events may pass on the pull request and then fail to report when the queue builds its own candidate commit. Add the merge_group trigger to any workflow whose check is required in a queued repository, and verify it runs there.

Fixing the block without weakening protection

When a merge button is stuck, the tempting move is to remove the required check or relax the rule. That clears the symptom and removes the protection. The better fix is to align the policy with the check’s actual coverage: make the workflow run wherever the check is required, keep the check name and source consistent, and remove any requirement on a workflow that can legitimately be skipped.

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To validate a change, open a test pull request against each protected target branch and confirm that the required check appears, runs, and reports on the head commit before you rely on the rule.

The Bottom Line

A pull request is blocked when a required check or a freshness rule is not satisfied, even if every visible check is green. Read the exact merge box message, then check that every required check is triggered for the pull request’s target branch and event, reports on the head commit, and matches the name and source in the protection rule. Rebasing only fixes the freshness part.

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