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Archaeologists have reported a temple dedicated to Mars, a statuette identified as Victory, two other votive stones and fragments of another statue at Kapersburg, a Roman frontier site in Germany. The temple stands in the vicus—the civilian settlement beside the fort—not inside the fort itself. The finds were announced by the Hessen State Office for Monument Preservation on 25 September 2026.

What archaeologists found at Kapersburg

The recent excavation in the settlement beside Kapersburg fort uncovered several objects and structures associated with Roman religious practice:

  • A temple dedicated to Mars.
  • A statuette identified by the state archaeology service as Victoria, the Roman personification of victory.
  • Two additional votive stones.
  • Fragments of another statue that archaeologists say probably depict Mars.

The Victoria identification is the official report’s description. A translated account by Live Science, published 5 October 2026, describes the figure as winged and holding a palm branch and laurel wreath. The state announcement does not give a full object description. Inscriptions on the finds are still being studied with Professor Markus Scholz of Goethe University Frankfurt, so further interpretations may follow.

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Where the temple is—and what a vicus means

Kapersburg lies in the eastern Taunus region of Hesse. Its Roman fort was a military installation; the vicus was the settlement that grew alongside it. The newly reported temple is in that settlement, not within the fort’s interior. Excavations of the vicus began in 2024 through a partnership between hessenARCHÄOLOGIE and researchers in provincial Roman archaeology at Goethe University Frankfurt.

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This distinction matters when interpreting the discovery. The temple is evidence of worship at a settlement associated with a frontier garrison, but the excavation announcement does not establish whether its worshippers were soldiers, civilians or both.

How the recent finds fit earlier excavation work

The temple was not wholly unknown before the 2026 announcement. A 2023 campaign had already revealed temple foundations and a votive stone dedicated to Mars. The latest announcement describes further discoveries from ongoing work, including the statuette, other votive stones and statue fragments; it should not be read as saying that the temple itself was first found in 2026.

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The earlier Mars-dedicated stone is displayed at the Wehrturm Museum in Rosbach vor der Höhe, according to the state office’s 12 May 2026 account. That information applies to the earlier stone, not necessarily to the newly announced objects. The available reports do not confirm that the new finds are on display or provide current public-access details for the excavation.

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What the site reveals about life around the fort

The wooded setting has helped preserve archaeological layers close to the surface. Hessen’s state archaeologist Kai Mückenberger told Live Science, “The astonishing thing is the exquisite preservation of the archaeological layers that start right beneath the forest floor.” The state office says the forest protected remains that might otherwise have been disturbed by farming.

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Investigations in the vicus have also identified traces of Roman roads and terraces, a smithing area, and changes in how parts of the settlement were used. In one area, the craft zone appears to have been leveled and replaced by residential construction. These features help place the temple in a changing settlement landscape, but do not prove that every structure or activity was contemporary with the temple.

What is known about Kapersburg’s Roman history

According to the Hessen State Office for Monument Preservation, the auxiliary unit known as Numerus Nidensium was stationed at the fort for about 150 years. The Romans left around the middle of the third century A.D.; Live Science gives approximately A.D. 275. These are approximate historical dates, not a precise date for the temple or each object.

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The excavation has also produced a late-antique fibula and handmade pottery. The state office says these may point to activity after the Roman occupation, possibly involving the Alemanni, but that further evidence is needed. They are clues to later use of the site, not proof of who lived there or when.

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Which interpretations are firm—and which remain tentative

  • Reported by the state archaeology service: a temple dedicated to Mars, a Victoria statuette and two additional votive stones.
  • Probable identification: fragments of another statue likely depict Mars.
  • Still under study: inscriptions on the finds; their interpretation may clarify more about the objects.
  • Possible, not established: post-Roman use connected with the Alemanni, suggested by a fibula and handmade pottery.

Taken together, the finds add evidence for religious activity in the settlement beside a Roman frontier fort. They do not, on the information published so far, identify the temple’s worshippers or establish that it was used exclusively by the military.

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