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Taiwan’s first domestically developed five-qubit superconducting quantum computer was completed in October 2023 and launched online for project collaborators in January 2024. “Online” meant cloud access for research—not an open consumer service. Since then, Academia Sinica’s QC-Test pilot has expanded the effort into shared research infrastructure, with applications for research teams and collaborative partners.
What is Taiwan’s five-qubit quantum computer?
It is a superconducting quantum-computing prototype developed in Taiwan through a collaboration led by Academia Sinica. The project brought together chip hardware, cryogenic operation, control and measurement systems, and software: the components needed to run experiments on superconducting qubits rather than just fabricate a chip.
The original project included Academia Sinica, the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), National Applied Research Laboratories, National Changhua University of Education, National Central University, National Chung Hsing University, the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Academia Sinica announced the five-qubit system on 19 January 2024. A presidential inspection on 29 January described it as Taiwan’s first self-developed five-qubit superconducting full-stack quantum computer.
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What has the five-qubit prototype demonstrated?
Academia Sinica’s RCCI project milestone page reports the following results. The figures describe the project’s prototype milestones, not an independent comparison with commercial processors.
| Measure or demonstration | Reported result |
|---|---|
| Average T1 energy-relaxation time | 28 microseconds (RCCI project milestone page) |
| Single-qubit fidelity | Approximately 99.7% (RCCI project milestone page) |
| Logic-gate fidelity | 99.9% (Academia Sinica’s January 2024 launch release; the release does not specify the same gate category as the milestone page’s single-qubit figure) |
| Two-qubit operations | SWAP and CZ gates, including CZ operation in the five-qubit system (RCCI project milestone page) |
| Multiqubit states | Characterization of a three-qubit GHZ state and demonstrations of four-qubit and five-qubit entanglement states (RCCI project milestone page) |
| Cloud demonstration | Five-qubit system demonstrated through a cloud platform (RCCI project milestone page) |
These are meaningful engineering and experimental milestones: the system could execute two-qubit operations and produce demonstrated multiqubit entanglement. They do not, by themselves, show that the machine can outperform classical computers on a useful real-world task.
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What does “goes online” mean, and who can use it?
For the January 2024 launch, online access meant a cloud-connected research interface made available to project collaborators. It did not mean that anyone could sign up for unrestricted computing time.
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Academia Sinica’s September 2025 announcement described its QC-Test pilot as operational and said research teams and collaborative partners could apply for online access to two internally developed five-qubit superconducting QPUs. Its June 2025 infrastructure announcement said QC-Fab and QC-Test would be open to academic and research communities nationwide. Together, those announcements point to an application-based research service, not a public consumer product; they do not establish the number of external users or guaranteed access for every applicant.
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What QC-Test adds
QC-Test is described as shared infrastructure rather than a single chip placed on the internet. Its platform brings together dilution refrigerators, precision control electronics, QPU calibration, error management, pulse control, quantum-error-correction work, and advanced algorithms. Academia Sinica has also identified possible GPU integration for hybrid quantum-classical computing.
How powerful is a five-qubit superconducting computer?
Five qubits make this a small-scale research system. The reported gate, coherence, and entanglement milestones show that it can support experiments on superconducting quantum hardware and the software and control systems around it. They do not establish general-purpose commercial usefulness or quantum advantage.
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Qubit count alone is not a performance ranking. A fair comparison with another processor would also need comparable data on qubit modality, single- and two-qubit gate fidelity, coherence, benchmark circuits, demonstrated entanglement, access model, and whether the device is a prototype, shared testbed, or commercial service. The available project milestones do not provide an independent benchmark score against named commercial QPUs.
Why does the project matter for Taiwan’s technology ecosystem?
The strategic value is capability building across the stack, not a claim that a five-qubit processor is ready to replace conventional computing. Running a superconducting system requires expertise in chip design and fabrication, cryogenics, microwave and control electronics, measurement, calibration, and software. A local testbed gives researchers a place to exercise algorithms and peripherals while developing skills and supplier relationships in those areas.
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The wider effort involves additional organizations and programs. In one program, ITRI handles superconducting-chip fabrication; Kinpo Electronics develops room-temperature control electronics; and National Taiwan University contributes high-speed CMOS interface technology. In 2025, IQM partnered with TSRI on a separate five-qubit superconducting system for subsystem verification and cloud research access. These efforts broaden the ecosystem, but they should not be conflated with the January 2024 Academia Sinica launch.
Academia Sinica’s 2025 announcements frame QC-Fab and QC-Test as infrastructure for research, innovation, and validation. That is a more concrete near-term role than a production application: helping teams test hardware, control systems, and software as Taiwan develops local quantum-computing expertise.
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