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“Super cells made with” is incomplete: it could refer to supercell thunderstorms or to artificial cells made in the Super Cells art-and-science project. These are unrelated subjects. If you meant the project, its workshop used lipids and water to form capsule-like structures; if you meant storms, their defining feature is a rotating updraft. Which topic did you intend?

Artificial cells: what were the Super Cells made with?

In a workshop documented by Civic Creative Base Tokyo (CCBT), artist Fukuhara Shiho and artificial-cell scientist Kuruma Yutetsu demonstrated making cell-like structures from lipids and water. Lipid molecules have parts that dissolve in water and parts that do not; adding water to the lipids forms capsule-like structures. Participants used specialist equipment, including vortex mixers, centrifuges, pipettes, and a fluorescence microscope. The workshop report says all participants produced round artificial cells, but it does not establish a complete at-home procedure or show that the structures were living cells. CCBT’s workshop and project documentation

The workshop was part of HUMAN AWESOME ERROR’s Super Cells project, which brought artistic narrative together with scientific work and questions about cell ownership, research ethics, and identity. Following Fukuhara’s breast cancer diagnosis, the project included growing her cancer cells and observing their interaction with regenerative immune cells derived from her own blood. The project name changed from Super Cell to Super Cells to accommodate a plurality of ideas, according to the project statement reproduced by CCBT. Its Super Cells Infinite exhibition ran February 11–24, 2025, at CCBT; those dates are past.

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Supercell thunderstorms: what makes them “super”?

A supercell is a highly organized thunderstorm distinguished by a rotating updraft. Winds at different heights can move at different speeds, creating horizontally rotating air. If a storm’s updraft draws in that air, the updraft can begin to rotate. When the rotating updraft is visible on radar, it is called a mesocyclone. A dry line—the boundary between hot, dry southwestern air and warm, moist Gulf air—is one common setting for supercell development, not a required ingredient in every storm. University of Illinois Extension explains how supercells form; the State of Idaho’s 2018 hazard mitigation plan describes their organization and hazards.

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How supercells differ from other thunderstorms

Storms can be organized as single cells, multicell clusters, squall lines, or supercells. Rotation in the updraft is the key distinction for a supercell; a storm’s size or intensity alone does not make it one. NASA Earth Matters also cautions that “rain bomb” is not an established meteorological term. Extreme rainfall may come from different kinds of convective systems, so precise labels such as supercell, squall line, or isolated cell are more informative. NASA’s terminology discussion

What hazards can a supercell produce?

Depending on the storm, hazards can include giant hail, damaging straight-line winds, heavy rain, lightning, and tornadoes. No individual supercell necessarily produces all of them, and Illinois Extension notes that not all supercells produce heavy rainfall. The Idaho plan describes exceptionally strong updraft speeds of 150–175 mph; this is a figure reported in that 2018 plan, not a measurement for every supercell.

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For historical context, Illinois Extension reported in 2021 that the largest hailstone recorded from a U.S. supercell had an 18-inch circumference. Idaho’s 2018 plan reproduced estimates of about 100,000 thunderstorms per year in the United States, approximately 10 percent of them severe. Those are source-specific historical figures, not current annual counts.

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Which meaning fits your question?

  • If you mean artificial cells: the workshop demonstration used lipids and water to form capsule-like structures, with laboratory equipment. The workshop report presents whether such structures count as alive as a question for discussion, not as a settled conclusion.
  • If you mean weather: a supercell is made possible by storm conditions that produce a rotating updraft; a dry line is one common setup, not a universal recipe.

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