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To recover a sports-odds Server-Sent Events (SSE) feed without missing updates, reconnect with a cursor the server recognizes, have the server replay every retained event after that cursor, and confirm the client has caught up before displaying odds as current. Browser EventSource can reconnect and send its last event ID, but it cannot supply a replay log or guarantee that a provider supports replay.
Does EventSource replay missed messages automatically?
No. A browser’s EventSource automatically attempts to reconnect after a connection loss. If it has a nonempty last event ID, it includes that value in the Last-Event-ID request header when reestablishing the connection. That header tells the server where the client last received an identified event; it does not make the server retain or resend anything.
The WHATWG HTML Standard defines the header as reporting an EventSource object’s last event ID to the server when the user agent reestablishes a connection. The server must recognize the cursor, retain the relevant events, and implement replay for the client to catch up. The standard does not require an odds provider to offer replay or a snapshot endpoint. See the WHATWG HTML Standard’s Server-sent events section and MDN’s guide to using server-sent events.
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What does Last-Event-ID do when an SSE connection drops?
Each SSE event can include an id: field. When the browser processes a valid ID value, it updates its last-event-ID state; an empty ID clears that state. On reconnection, a nonempty value is sent as Last-Event-ID. The standard does not define what an odds feed’s IDs mean, how long they remain valid, or whether they are unique or ordered beyond the provider’s own contract.
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An SSE stream may also include a retry: field containing ASCII digits to set the reconnection time in milliseconds. This is not a promise that the browser will reconnect at that exact moment: a user agent may wait longer, including using exponential backoff after a failed attempt. Treat it as a requested/spec-defined reconnection interval, not a deadline. The WHATWG processing model defines these behaviors.
How do I reconnect to an SSE stream without missing events?
Reliable recovery is a handoff between client and server. The client preserves a cursor; the server replays from it and switches to live delivery without leaving a gap. Design and verify each part against the provider’s documented stream contract.
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- Use a resumable cursor. If you control the server, emit an
id:value that is stable and ordered within the relevant feed. If consuming a provider’s stream, use the provider’s documented cursor. Do not treat timestamps as unique or assume IDs are globally ordered unless the provider specifies that. - Reconnect from the last processed position. Native
EventSourcemanages transport reconnection and supplies its last event ID inLast-Event-IDwhen nonempty. A custom client must preserve its cursor and send it in whatever header, query parameter, or request field the server documents. - Replay before switching to live events. The server should return every retained event after the cursor in feed order, then transition to live delivery atomically or through an equivalent no-gap handoff. Merely accepting a cursor is not enough if events can arrive between the replay query and the live subscription.
- Make event application safe to repeat. A connection can fail around delivery or processing, so replay may overlap events the client has already applied. Deduplicate using documented stable event identifiers or sequence numbers, or make updates idempotent. Do not infer duplicate identity from timestamps alone.
- Handle expired or unknown cursors explicitly. Define how the server signals that it cannot resume from a cursor. Recover from an authoritative snapshot or a documented fresh baseline, and continue streaming from the snapshot’s matching cursor. Until continuity is confirmed, label the odds view as reconnecting or stale rather than current.
- Confirm catch-up. Track the last applied cursor or sequence and use whatever high-water mark or synchronization signal the feed contract provides. A connected socket alone does not establish that the displayed state is current.
These replay, deduplication, snapshot-alignment, and freshness checks are application design requirements, not guarantees in the SSE standard. Jersey’s 3.1.7 user guide likewise describes missed-event negotiation only where the event ID is set and the server supports that negotiation.
How can I tell if my odds feed is stale after reconnecting?
Do not use connection status as a proxy for data freshness. A connection can be open while the client is still replaying, has received only part of a recovery sequence, or has restarted from a fresh state without a matching cursor.
- Keep a separate state for transport (connected or disconnected) and data continuity (catching up, current, or stale).
- Advance the client’s applied cursor only after an event has been successfully processed into its state.
- Use provider-documented sequence numbers, replay-complete signals, or snapshot cursors to verify that the client has reached the live position.
- If the provider offers no way to verify continuity, do not claim that a reconnect proves no updates were missed; expose that uncertainty to the application or user.
What should I verify in a sports odds provider’s contract?
No particular provider is specified here, so its exact cursor behavior and recovery route cannot be assumed. Check its current streaming API documentation for:
- Whether it honors
Last-Event-IDas-is or expects a cursor in another request location. - Cursor scope: per connection, market, event, subscription, or another unit.
- Whether IDs or sequence numbers are stable and ordered, and how duplicates are identified.
- How many events or how much history remains replayable, and what response signals an expired or invalid cursor.
- Whether an authoritative snapshot or documented baseline is available, and how to align it with streaming events.
- Authentication requirements on reconnects, plus any provider-specific rate or connection limits.
These details determine whether recovery is actually possible and how to implement it. The SSE protocol itself does not specify them.
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How should retry timing and recovery be tested?
Use the stream’s retry: field to communicate a reconnection interval, but plan for clients to wait longer after failures. If many consumers may reconnect together, server-side capacity and any documented client retry controls matter; do not assume every reconnect will arrive at one exact interval.
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In a controlled environment, test the failure paths that can break continuity:
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- Disconnect while updates are arriving, then resume with a valid cursor; verify ordered replay and a gap-free move to live delivery.
- Reconnect with a cursor older than retention or one the server does not recognize; verify the documented expiration response and snapshot or baseline recovery.
- Deliver an overlapping event; verify deduplication or idempotent application.
- Restart or change the serving node; verify cursor recognition and replay behavior across instances.
- Keep the connection open while recovery is incomplete; verify the UI continues to indicate stale or catching-up data rather than current odds.
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