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Three commercial ships were reported struck in two separate Black Sea incidents on 5 and 6 October 2026, in the exclusive economic zones (EEZs) of Romania and Bulgaria. Two vessels sank and a third caught fire. The EU condemned attacks on civilian shipping, but the cited reports did not establish who was responsible.

What happened off Romania on 5 October?

The Turkish-owned cargo ship Royad Mammadov, sailing under the flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis, was struck after leaving the Ukrainian port of Ismail, according to Euronews. The vessel caught fire and sank in Romania’s EEZ, about nine nautical miles from the Pescăruș offshore platform.

Euronews reported that Romanian authorities said two people died, 11 were rescued and one crew member remained missing when the report was published. Those figures describe the reported status at publication; later updates are not established here.

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What happened off Bulgaria on 6 October?

The next day, sea and aerial drones struck two commercial vessels about 80 miles (128 kilometers) off Bulgaria’s coast, inside Bulgaria’s EEZ, Bulgarian Prime Minister Rumen Radev said after an emergency government meeting, according to the Associated Press.

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Radev called the incident “an unacceptable attack in Bulgaria’s exclusive economic zone” and “a blatant violation of international law and maritime law,” as quoted by AP.

Why these were two incidents, not one

The reports describe separate strikes on consecutive days in the EEZs of two different coastal states. Royad Mammadov was reported struck on 5 October in Romania’s EEZ. Alfa Watan and Able were reported struck on 6 October in Bulgaria’s EEZ. The accounts do not establish that the incidents were part of one operation.

An EEZ is not the same as a country’s territorial waters. The reported locations should therefore not be described as attacks inside Romanian or Bulgarian territorial waters. AP placed the Bulgarian incident about 80 miles (128 kilometers) from shore; Euronews placed the Romanian incident about nine nautical miles from an offshore platform.

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What did the EU say?

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said, “Attacks on civilian shipping are unacceptable,” and, “We stand in full solidarity with our Member States on the Eastern flank,” according to Ars Technica. The report also quoted her saying the circumstances were “still being established.” Her reported remarks condemned attacks on civilian shipping without naming a likely attacker.

Who attacked the ships?

Responsibility remained unresolved in the cited reporting. Bulgarian authorities said the drones’ origin was under investigation. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said Ukraine’s military was not operating near the Bulgarian incident and blamed Russia, describing it as a combined Russian attack using sea and aerial drones. He also called the events “another part of Russia’s effort to make the western Black Sea completely unfit for navigation,” according to AP. These are Zelenskyy’s allegations, not an independently established finding.

For the Romanian incident, Euronews reported that Romanian authorities had not named a suspect; Zelenskyy blamed Russia there as well. The AP report said there was no immediate Russian official response to the Bulgarian incident and that NATO referred inquiries to Bulgarian authorities. The available accounts therefore support reporting the accusations and the ongoing investigation, not a definitive attribution.

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What the incidents mean for commercial shipping risk

The U.S. Maritime Administration’s 2026 advisory for U.S.-flagged commercial vessels says commercial ships in the Black Sea and Sea of Azov have reportedly been struck by projectiles, drones and unmanned vehicles since February 2022, with incidents reported as recently as September 2026. It also warns about mines and the possibility of miscalculation, misidentification or accidental strikes when electronic-warfare interference affects guidance systems.

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The advisory’s practical guidance is directed to vessel operators: assess risk, review security measures and current maritime warnings, and incorporate protective measures into vessel security plans. It does not establish that any specific warning or factor caused the October strikes.

Policy context that predates the October attacks

In June 2026, before these incidents, the European Parliament adopted a resolution on drone incursions into Romania, Finland and the Baltic states. The resolution passed 412–63, with 53 abstentions, according to the European Parliament Legislative Observatory. It called for stronger detection, jamming, interception and neutralisation capabilities along the EU’s eastern flank, and faster work on a Black Sea Maritime Security Hub.

A joint European Commission and High Representative document also describes EU pilot actions for maritime domain awareness and undersea sensing in the Black and Baltic Seas: the 2025 joint communication. These are earlier policy initiatives, not measures shown to have been adopted in direct response to the October incidents.

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