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University of Tokyo researchers covered a face-shaped robot with cultured skin made from human skin cells and demonstrated a motor-driven smile. The advance is a new way to attach living tissue to an artificial structure—not a finished artificial human face or a robot with a natural range of expressions.

Is the robot’s skin real?

It is biological tissue: cultured skin derived from human skin cells. It is not a naturally grown human face. The researchers formed the tissue over an artificial, face-shaped structure; the result is a laboratory prototype, not a complete humanoid robot. The University of Tokyo’s June 26, 2024 announcement describes the construction and the study, published online that day in Cell Reports Physical Science.

How did they attach the skin and make it smile?

The team’s central contribution was a way to anchor cultured tissue to the artificial face, inspired by the ligaments that connect human skin to underlying structures. The Japan Science and Technology Agency’s account describes perforation-type anchors: the structure has V-shaped holes, and gelatinized tissue is fixed within them. These anchors hold the skin against the artificial form and provide a route for motor-driven movement to reach the tissue. The researchers used that arrangement to demonstrate a smile.

The demonstration shows that movement can be transmitted through the attachment points; it does not establish that the prototype can reproduce the subtle, varied expressions of a human face. The published study is by Michio Kawai, Minghao Nie, Haruka Oda, and Shoji Takeuchi: “Perforation-type anchors inspired by skin ligament for the robotic face covered with living skin”.

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#1 Best Overall
ELEGOO UNO R3 Smart Robot Car Kit V4 with Camera, Compatible with Arduino
  • BUILD, CODE & DRIVE YOUR OWN ROBOT CAR: Turn coding, electronics and engineering into a working programmable robot car you can assemble, program and drive; ideal for weekend family projects, STEM classrooms, coding clubs, robotics lessons and maker challenges
  • EXPLORE FPV, LINE TRACKING & OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE: Control the robot with the ELEGOO app or IR remote, view live FPV video through the onboard camera, follow black lines, avoid obstacles with the ultrasonic sensor and explore multiple interactive driving modes
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What could living-skin robots be used for?

The researchers and their institutions describe biofunctional soft or humanoid robots and aesthetic or plastic medicine as possible future application areas. The Japan Science and Technology Agency also identifies wrinkle formation as something the system could help researchers study. These are proposed directions, not evidence that this face has been used in medical care or that a product is available. The University of Tokyo’s English-language overview discusses the broader research context.

Can this robot face heal itself?

The official descriptions of this face do not establish that it can heal itself. The reported result is a cultured-skin covering attached to a face-shaped robot, with a motor-driven smiling movement—not a demonstrated healing capability.

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