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Scala named tuples became a stable language feature in Scala 3.7.0, released on 7 May 2025. They let you give tuple elements names in type declarations and values, then select fields or match them by name—without defining a separate class for every small, tuple-shaped result.
What Scala named tuples are
A regular tuple groups values by position. A named tuple adds meaningful names to its elements, so code can describe and access those values more clearly. For example, a function can return a person’s name and age as one value, with fields that callers can refer to as name and age.
Scala’s stated goal is to keep tuples concise and lightweight while making multi-value results and tuple-shaped data easier to understand. The feature can also describe fields for structural typing through Selectable. SIP-58 discusses database rows and generic operations such as projections and joins as possible applications; this is design motivation, not a claim that named tuples replace database libraries or domain models. Scala 3.7.0 release announcement and SIP-58.
How to declare, create and access one
The Scala language reference gives this type and value example:
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type Person = (name: String, age: Int)
val Bob: Person = (name = "Bob", age = 33)Once you have a named tuple, select an element with its field name, such as Bob.age. The language reference also demonstrates destructuring with tuple patterns, including named patterns that bind or match fields by name. Named tuples can be defined from ordinary tuple values as well. See the Scala 3 language reference for named tuples for the syntax and examples.
What names change—and what they do not
Names make tuple elements easier to identify, but a named tuple is not an order-insensitive record. The language reference specifies these constraints:
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- Order matters:
(name: String, age: Int)and(age: Int, name: String)are different, incompatible types. - Do not mix named and unnamed elements: a tuple’s elements must be consistently named or unnamed.
- Names must be unique: one named tuple cannot use the same element name more than once.
- Conformance follows named-parameter-like rules: names affect the applicable conformance and convertibility rules.
Consequently, field selection by name improves readability, but it does not make a tuple’s elements freely reorderable or interchangeable. The language reference documents these type rules.
When to use a named tuple instead of a case class
Choose based on what the value needs to communicate and support. The official sources describe named tuples as a lightweight option for some tuple-shaped data, not a universal replacement for case classes or a feature with a formal selection threshold.
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| Use a named tuple when… | Prefer a case class when… |
|---|---|
| A small, fixed set of related fields is enough, such as a concise multi-value function result. | The data needs a distinct domain type of its own. |
| You want named field access and tuple-shaped data without declaring a separate type. | The value should represent a domain concept with its own behavior. |
| Downstream code benefits from generic operations over tuple-shaped data. | The extra declaration is worthwhile to make the type and its purpose explicit. |
This is a practical rule of thumb based on Scala’s stated lightweight-versus-class motivation, not a language restriction. The SIP-58 proposal describes the motivation and intended applications.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.When named tuples became stable
Named tuples first appeared experimentally in Scala 3.5.0. Scala 3.6.2 still described them as experimental and invited testing and feedback. Scala 3.7.0 made SIP-58’s named tuples stable; its release announcement is dated 7 May 2025. Scala 3.9’s release announcement later continued to list named tuples among stable features introduced in Scala 3.7.
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For the current syntax and type constraints, use the language reference; the release announcements document the feature’s status over time: Scala 3.6.2, Scala 3.7.0 and Scala 3.9.
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