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Samsung and GLOBALFOUNDRIES (GF) agreed in April 2014 to make Samsung-developed 14nm FinFET technology available at both companies’ fabs, giving chip customers a compatible second manufacturing source. That same year, IBM agreed to transfer its commercial semiconductor technology business and manufacturing operations to GF, while retaining its server business and refocusing on semiconductor research and systems. The moves were related through GF’s expanding manufacturing role, but they were separate agreements.
What was the Samsung–GlobalFoundries 14nm deal?
Announced on April 17, 2014, the collaboration made Samsung’s 14nm FinFET process available at Samsung and GF. Samsung developed the process and licensed it to GF; the arrangement was intended to let customers use compatible designs at more than one foundry, rather than depend on a single manufacturing source. The companies described that compatibility as a way to improve supply assurance.
Planned volume production covered Samsung fabs in Hwaseong, South Korea, and Austin, Texas, as well as GF’s Fab 8 in Saratoga County, New York. The announcement concerned process access and manufacturing availability; it did not mean that Samsung acquired GF or that the two companies merged their businesses.
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Why did IBM sell its commercial semiconductor business to GF?
IBM and GF announced a definitive agreement on October 20, 2014. It covered IBM’s global commercial semiconductor technology business, including commercial microelectronics operations, manufacturing facilities and related intellectual property. IBM said the transaction would let it concentrate on fundamental semiconductor research and systems innovation, including future cloud, mobile, big-data analytics and secure transaction-optimized systems.
The agreement shifted commercial manufacturing responsibility to GF without eliminating IBM’s role in servers or semiconductor research. IBM retained its server group, and GF agreed to be IBM’s exclusive semiconductor technology provider for server processors at 22nm, 14nm and 10nm for ten years. IBM’s SEC filing describes the arrangement as an exclusive manufacturing-sourcing agreement, with supply to IBM at market-based pricing.
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GF completed the acquisition on July 1, 2015. It said the acquired assets included facilities in East Fishkill, New York, and Essex Junction, Vermont, more than 16,000 patents and patent applications, and experienced semiconductor engineers.
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| Dimension | Samsung–GF 14nm collaboration | IBM–GF transaction |
|---|---|---|
| Technology and rights | Samsung developed the 14nm FinFET process and licensed it to GF. | GF acquired IBM’s commercial semiconductor technology business, facilities and related intellectual property. |
| Manufacturing footprint | Planned Samsung production in Hwaseong and Austin, plus GF Fab 8 in Saratoga County. | The acquisition added IBM facilities in East Fishkill and Essex Junction. |
| Business roles | Samsung supplied the process; GF became an additional manufacturing source for compatible designs. | GF took on commercial manufacturing assets and became IBM’s exclusive server-processor technology provider for the specified nodes and term; IBM retained its server group and research focus. |
| Customer or business value | Customers could pursue supply from multiple sources using compatible designs. | IBM secured market-based supply for server processors while shifting commercial manufacturing responsibility to GF. |
| Timing | Announced in April 2014. | Announced in October 2014 and completed in July 2015. |
Together, the agreements strengthened GF’s position through licensed access to Samsung’s 14nm process and IBM’s commercial manufacturing assets. They did not make the two process arrangements identical: the Samsung agreement centered on compatible, multi-source 14nm production, while the IBM agreement transferred a business and established a long-term supply relationship for IBM server processors.
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What happened after the agreements?
In November 2015, GF introduced its FX-14 ASIC offering, based on 14nm FinFET technology, for cloud, data-center, communications, wireless-base-station, compute and storage applications. In 2017, GF said it was delivering its 14nm High Performance technology in volume for IBM’s next-generation server processors. That later delivery illustrates how GF’s manufacturing role could serve both outside ASIC customers and IBM’s server business.
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What were the announced financial figures?
- GF and IBM said GF planned approximately $10 billion in capital expenditure for 2014–2015, with the majority invested in New York. This was a stated plan for that period, not a recurring annual figure.
- IBM reported a pre-tax charge of $4.7 billion related to the divestiture in its 2014 SEC filing.
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