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A 2026 review found no meaningful blood-lipid differences in controlled trials of dairy foods with naturally occurring trans fats, and no association between dairy trans-fat markers and several cardiometabolic outcomes in prospective studies. That is a limited finding about dairy-derived trans fats and the outcomes examined—not evidence that all trans fats are harmless or a reason to ignore public-health advice to limit them.
What the 2026 review found
The paper, “Trans fatty acids from dairy foods do not affect risk of cardiometabolic diseases,” appeared in Nutrition Research, volume 150, pages 33–48, in June 2026; PubMed lists online publication on March 27, 2026. Its authors are Constance Gayet-Boyer, Fanny Tenenhaus-Aziza, Moises Torres-Gonzalez, D. Ian Givens, and Cindy Schweitzer. PubMed’s record identifies the paper and its study framing.
A University of Reading release describes the review’s evidence base as 22 studies: 10 controlled dietary trials and 12 prospective cohort studies. In the trials, researchers compared regular dairy foods with dairy products containing naturally enhanced levels of trans fats. The release reports no meaningful differences in blood-lipid biomarkers. In the cohorts, it reports no association between higher circulating dairy trans-fat levels and heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular death, or type 2 diabetes. The University of Reading release, distributed by ScienceDaily, is the source for those detailed summaries.
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Natural dairy trans fats and industrial trans fats are different sources
Trans fats are unsaturated fatty acids. Some occur naturally in meat and dairy from ruminant animals; industrially produced trans fats have commonly come from partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs). These are different production pathways, but that distinction should not be turned into a claim that natural trans fats are risk-free.
| Question | Dairy-derived trans fats | Industrially produced trans fats |
|---|---|---|
| Source | Occur naturally in meat and dairy from ruminant animals. WHO | Commonly associated with partially hydrogenated oils. WHO |
| Evidence described here | The review examined controlled dietary trials and cohort studies using circulating dairy trans-fat markers; the reported outcomes included blood lipids, heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular death, and type 2 diabetes. University of Reading release | The dairy review does not assess industrial trans fats as a whole. WHO describes their public-health risks and recommends eliminating industrially produced trans fats. WHO |
| What the evidence does not establish | No meaningful lipid differences or associations were reported for the specified measures; this is not proof of no risk in all circumstances. University of Reading release | The dairy review’s findings do not establish the safety of industrial trans fats. |
There is a real difference between the review’s reported results and WHO’s broader guidance. WHO’s January 24, 2024 fact sheet says natural and industrial trans fats are equally harmful, recommends keeping total trans-fat intake below 1% of total energy—less than 2.2 grams a day on a 2,000-calorie diet—and calls for industrially produced trans fats to be eliminated. WHO attributes more than 278,000 deaths each year globally to industrially produced trans-fat intake. Those figures are WHO estimates and recommendations, not results from the dairy review. WHO’s trans fat fact sheet.
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What the findings mean for everyday choices
The review does not show that people should increase their intake of butter, cheese, milk, or other dairy foods. It also does not overturn advice to limit total trans fats. The University of Reading release reports trial intakes ranging from 1.3 to 13.2 grams of trans fat per day across the 10 controlled trials; that is a reported range in those trials, not a measure of ordinary dairy consumption or a personal intake target.
Professor Ian Givens, one of the lead authors identified by the University of Reading release, said: “People hear the words ‘trans fats’ and assume the worst, but the trans fats in your morning milk, yogurt, butter or cheese are not the same as the ones from industrial partially hydrogenated fats. This research should give people reassurance that dairy, eaten as part of a balanced diet, is not something to worry about for their heart.” The statement is attributable to the release; the quotation has not been independently checked against a recording or transcript. University of Reading release.
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What U.S. rules did—and did not—change
In the United States, the FDA determined in 2015 that PHOs were no longer generally recognized as safe for most food uses. FDA materials describe later compliance dates and a 2023 rule removing outdated PHO references from regulations. This action addressed an industrial source; it did not remove naturally occurring trans fats from meat and dairy. These are U.S.-specific regulatory details, not a description of law in every country. FDA’s trans fat information and FDA’s final determination on partially hydrogenated oils.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How to read the result with appropriate caution
- It is about a specific exposure. The review concerns trans fats from dairy foods, not all trans fats or all sources of dietary fat.
- It combines different kinds of evidence. Controlled trials assessed blood-lipid biomarkers; prospective cohorts examined associations between circulating dairy trans-fat markers and selected health outcomes. These designs answer different questions.
- A null result is not proof of no possible harm. The reported findings apply to the measures and outcomes assessed and do not establish effects for every population or dietary pattern.
- Author affiliations are relevant context, not a verdict. The paper’s affiliations include dairy-industry organizations as well as the University of Reading. Affiliations alone neither prove bias nor invalidate the findings. PubMed bibliographic record.
The journal record also lists a corrigendum in Nutrition Research, volume 152, in August 2026. Its contents are not described in the available record, so exact results and strong conclusions should be read in light of that correction once its details are available. ScienceDirect journal record.
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