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For apps targeting Android 17’s API level 37 or higher, certificate transparency (CT) is enabled by default—but it does not necessarily apply to every connection. Your app’s Network Security Configuration and the trust anchors used for each connection affect whether CT verification is performed. Review those settings, then test your app’s real network flows on Android 17.
What changes when your app targets Android 17?
Android 17 uses API level 37. Apps targeting API 37 or higher get CT enabled by default; on Android 16, apps could use CT but had to opt in. This is a target-SDK behavior change, so distinguish it from changes that apply simply because an app runs on Android 17. Google keeps those scopes in separate lists in its Android 17 behavior changes documentation.
CT helps verify that certificates for publicly trusted connections have been logged in public certificate-transparency logs. The default does not mean every TLS connection will be checked. Android’s Network Security Configuration documentation explains that apps using their own certificates or the user certificate store are unlikely to be publicly verifiable through CT, so verification is disabled by default for those cases. The effective result depends on the connection’s trust anchors and configuration.
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Audit the app’s network trust configuration
Inventory the ways the app connects
List the app’s TLS clients and endpoints, then note any certificate pinning, custom trust managers, Network Security Configuration, debug trust anchors, user-installed roots, and private or enterprise certificate authorities. Include embedded web content and third-party networking libraries. Android’s platform documentation describes the Network Security Configuration rules, but it does not provide a universal migration recipe for every library; validate the TLS stack your app actually uses.
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Check domain and base configuration
Inspect each <domain-config> and the inherited <base-config>. CT can be explicitly configured with <certificateTransparency enabled="true"/>. Android documents an evaluation order: explicit CT enablement is considered first; user or inline trust anchors disable verification next; otherwise, the inherited configuration applies. Do not add or change CT rules without confirming that they fit the app’s intended trust model.
Test on Android 17
Google’s Android 17 release guidance recommends installing the app on a device or emulator running Android 17 and exercising all app flows. The Android Emulator, included with Android Studio, simulates devices and API levels and is sufficient for many checks. A physical device is useful when the app depends on real hardware or vendor-specific behavior, but is not mandatory for CT testing.
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- Install the app on an Android 17 API 37 emulator or device.
- Exercise sign-in, API calls, update checks, embedded web content, and any enterprise or private-certificate paths the app supports.
- Record any failures and determine whether they are certificate-validation errors or unrelated network problems.
- Correct the trust or networking configuration if needed, then repeat the same flows.
- Review the full Android 17 behavior-change list for other impacts on the app.
Matthew McCullough, Google’s VP of Product Management for Android, wrote in the Android Developers Blog’s June 16, 2026 announcement: “Test your current app for compatibility, learn whether your app is affected by changes in Android 17, and install your app onto a device or Android Emulator running Android 17 and extensively test it.” The platform guidance reviewed does not specify a dedicated CT test harness, so use the app’s actual supported network flows.
Choose an emulator, a physical device, or both
| Option | Best for | Trade-off |
|---|---|---|
| Android Emulator | Initial checks and testing across simulated device configurations and API levels; included with Android Studio. | Does not reproduce every real-hardware or vendor-specific condition. |
| Physical Android device | Validating behavior that depends on actual hardware or a particular vendor implementation. | Requires access to the relevant hardware and does not offer the emulator’s range of simulated device configurations. |
Use the emulator for broad initial coverage and add physical-device testing where your app’s dependencies make it necessary. Neither Android’s release guidance nor its emulator documentation says a handset is required for CT readiness.
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Check other API 37 behavior changes
CT is only one possible target-SDK impact. For an app targeting API 37, assess these documented changes as relevant to its features:
- Local network access: Android 17 introduces the
ACCESS_LOCAL_NETWORKruntime permission. Where appropriate, system-mediated privacy-preserving pickers may avoid a broad permission prompt. - Native libraries: Native files loaded with
System.load()must be read-only; otherwise, the system can throwUnsatisfiedLinkError. - Large screens: Review the changed resizability behavior for large-screen devices.
- Background audio: Check foreground-service and while-in-use requirements for audio that continues in the background.
Consult the official behavior-change documentation for the precise rules and any updates.
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- MEMORIES MADE PICTURE PERFECT: Capture every angle in stunning clarity, from wide family photos to close-ups of friends, with the triple-lens camera on Galaxy A17 5G.
- NEED MORE STORAGE? WE HAVE YOU COVERED: With an improved 2TB of expandable storage, Galaxy A17 5G makes it easy to keep cherished photos, videos and important files readily accessible whenever you need them.³
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Keep app testing separate from CTS
Android’s Compatibility Test Suite (CTS) is for testing Android device implementations, not a certification suite ordinary app developers need to pass. AOSP describes CTS as a free suite with automated tests and manual CTS Verifier tests. It does not replace testing your app’s TLS behavior and network flows on Android 17. The Android 17 Compatibility Definition Document’s requirement that 10,000 list entries be scrolled in less than 36 seconds is a CTS-defined device performance requirement—not an app failure rate or a measure of CT readiness.
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