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In collisions between sodium atoms and sodium–lithium (NaLi) molecules, tuning a magnetic field near an atom–molecule Feshbach resonance changed measured collision loss by more than a factor of 100. The result, reported by Chemistry World on 11 March 2022, is a striking demonstration of quantum control in this specific ultracold system—not evidence that magnetic fields universally switch chemical reactions on or off.
What changed in the Na + NaLi experiment?
The experiment examined collisions between sodium atoms (Na) and sodium–lithium molecules (NaLi). As the magnetic field was tuned across atom–molecule Feshbach resonances, the measured collision loss varied by more than a factor of 100, according to Chemistry World’s account of the 2022 study.
That figure describes a change in observed loss in this experiment. It is not a statistic about the fraction of molecules that reacted, nor a general prediction for other molecular species. The reported account discusses two resonances, which produced unequal amplification.
What does “collision loss” measure?
A collision can have several outcomes: the particles can scatter elastically, scatter inelastically, or undergo a chemical reaction. Elastic scattering changes their motion without necessarily removing them from the trapped sample. Inelastic scattering changes internal energy or state, while a reaction changes chemical identity; either can remove particles from the trap.
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Consequently, the measured loss combines inelastic scattering and chemical reaction. A large change in loss does not, by itself, reveal how much of that change came from reaction rather than inelastic events. The report does not provide a separate reaction-only rate or exact rate coefficients.
How can a magnetic field alter a collision?
Feshbach resonances connect colliding and bound states
A Feshbach resonance occurs when the wavefunction of freely colliding particles couples to a bound state of the atom–molecule system. Near resonance, the colliding-state wavefunction mixes with that bound-state wavefunction. Tuning the magnetic field changes this coupling, reshaping the quantum wavefunction and the interference between possible collision pathways.
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Hyungmok Son, lead author of the work, summarized the effect: “We directly tailor the quantum wavefunction by tuning the magnetic field and this influences the outcome of a collision,” as quoted in the Chemistry World report.
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The reported explanation distinguishes the two resonances by the character of the intermediate state they populate. The stronger resonance was more likely to populate a long-lived intermediate associated with strong interference. The weaker resonance populated a more chemically reactive intermediate, with weaker interference. Thus, resonance behavior—not a simple increase in magnetic-field strength—shaped the observed outcome.
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How did the two resonances differ?
| Comparison | Stronger resonance | Weaker resonance |
|---|---|---|
| Relative strength | Stronger, as characterized in the Chemistry World account of the study | Weaker, as characterized in the Chemistry World account of the study |
| Reported intermediate behavior | More likely to populate a long-lived intermediate associated with strong interference | More likely to populate a more chemically reactive intermediate with weaker interference |
| Loss amplification | The two resonances had unequal amplification; the account does not assign exact numerical factors to each | The two resonances had unequal amplification; the account does not assign exact numerical factors to each |
| Measured loss | Total loss includes inelastic scattering as well as chemical reaction; resonance-specific reaction-only values are not stated in the Chemistry World account | |
| Exact field positions and rate coefficients | Not stated in the Chemistry World account | |
How is this different from electric-field control?
The report contrasts this magnetic-field effect with electric-field approaches that can influence particles at longer range. In the Na + NaLi system discussed here, the long-range interaction remains van der Waals in character; magnetic tuning acts through resonance coupling and the collision wavefunction. This distinction is specific to the reported system, not a claim that magnetic fields cannot affect long-range interactions in other settings.
An earlier study of electric-field control involved potassium–rubidium (KRb) molecules, rather than the Na + NaLi atom–molecule collisions considered here. The Chemistry World report identifies that work as K. Matsuda et al., Science 370 (2020), p. 1324, DOI 10.1126/science.abe7370.
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What the finding does—and does not—show
The result demonstrates that magnetic tuning near atom–molecule resonances can strongly change collision loss in this controlled ultracold system. It adds evidence that quantum interference and intermediate-state dynamics matter to ultracold reaction rates. Kyle Matsuda, lead author of the 2020 study and a researcher quoted by Chemistry World, called it “a beautiful demonstration of the importance of quantum interference on ultracold reaction rates.”
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Repair common Windows errors and clear accumulated junk for a smoother, more stable PC - no reinstall needed.Free scan · no reinstallResearchers discussed possible relevance to controlling ultracold chemistry and preparing ensembles in the same state. Those are future prospects, not applications demonstrated by this experiment. The report identifies the 2022 study as H. Son et al., Science 375 (2022), p. 1006, DOI 10.1126/science.abl7257; it does not state exact field strengths, temperatures, or resonance-specific rate coefficients.
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