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SecurityWeek’s March 7, 2025 roundup covered three distinct cybersecurity developments: AMD’s EntrySign processor vulnerability, a credential-led campaign against internet service provider infrastructure, and ENISA’s assessment of cybersecurity maturity across NIS2 sectors. They call for different responses: check affected systems with their OEM, review defenses against weak-credential attacks, and consult the correct edition of ENISA’s report.
| Development | What it concerns | Evidence source | Practical next step |
|---|---|---|---|
| EntrySign | Microcode signature verification on certain AMD processors | AMD security bulletin | Check the system OEM’s BIOS or firmware guidance |
| ISP campaign | Brute-force activity against ISP infrastructure providers | Splunk Threat Research Team analysis | Review credential defenses and relevant published detections |
| NIS360 | Cybersecurity maturity and criticality across NIS2 sectors | ENISA report series | Use the edition appropriate to the question and date |
What is the EntrySign AMD flaw?
EntrySign is CVE-2024-56161, an improper signature-verification vulnerability in the AMD CPU ROM microcode patch loader. AMD rates it CVSS 7.2, High. The attack described by AMD requires local administrator privileges; it is not described as a remote attack available to an unauthenticated outsider.
With those privileges, an attacker may be able to load malicious microcode. AMD says this could affect the confidentiality and integrity of a confidential SEV-SNP guest. That impact matters particularly to systems using SEV-SNP to protect confidential virtual machines, but it does not mean every AMD processor or every virtual machine is affected.
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AMD lists affected EPYC families and embedded variants, with mitigation versions differing among product families. The March 2025 roundup does not identify a single firmware version applicable to every platform. Owners should check the exact processor and system model against their OEM’s security or BIOS guidance rather than assume that all AMD CPUs are vulnerable.
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How should an affected system be mitigated?
AMD’s stated mitigation is to update microcode on impacted platforms. The company says: “AMD has made available a mitigation for this issue which requires updating microcode on all impacted platforms to help prevent an attacker from loading malicious microcode.” In practice, obtain the appropriate BIOS or firmware update from the system manufacturer and follow its installation guidance. A generic software download or processor replacement is not the fix described in AMD’s guidance.
What was the massive attack targeting ISPs?
Splunk’s Threat Research Team described a campaign using brute-force attempts against weak credentials to target ISP infrastructure providers in the western United States and China. Splunk assessed that the activity originated from Eastern Europe; that is the team’s assessment, not independently confirmed attribution.
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Splunk reported more than 4,000 targeted ISP IP addresses. The figure is attributed to the Threat Research Team, not an independent measurement. The campaign is notable for its mix of credential attacks, follow-on payloads and efforts to maintain access or avoid detection.
What did the activity involve?
Splunk’s analysis described the use of tools and components including masscan, Windows Remote Management, PowerShell and Python-compiled tooling. Payloads included information stealers and cryptomining software. The activity also involved persistence, attempts to disable defenses, and Telegram API use for command and control.
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What should infrastructure defenders take from the report?
The reported use of weak credentials makes strong, unique credentials and effective protections around administrative access directly relevant to this campaign. Splunk also published security detections and said it incorporated them into a crypto-stealer analytic story. Defenders can review those detections in the context of their own telemetry and environment; the report is not a general endorsement of any particular security product.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What does ENISA’s NIS360 report say about NIS2?
NIS360 is ENISA’s series assessing cybersecurity maturity and criticality across sectors covered by the NIS2 Directive. SecurityWeek’s March 7, 2025 roundup referred to a 2024 NIS360 report. That reference should not be confused with later editions or their findings.
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ENISA’s publications listing now shows a newer NIS360 edition dated May 28, 2026. ENISA describes it as the third assessment of sectors of high criticality identified under NIS2 Annex I. The 2026 edition is later than the roundup, so its findings should not be attributed to the 2024 report. Readers checking a maturity assessment or citing it in policy work should identify the edition and publication date they mean.
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