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Report sexual misconduct to your university’s Title IX coordinator or another responsible school employee. You can ask about support and options without filing a formal complaint; a formal complaint is the distinct step that starts the university’s grievance process. The details depend on the institution’s current policy. As of October 4, 2026, the U.S. Department of Education says the 2020 Title IX regulations are the basis for its enforcement: the Department announced on September 28, 2026, that it had formally rescinded the 2024 rewrite and reinstated the 2020 regulation. Check the Department’s announcement and regulations page for current status.
Where to make a report
Start with the university’s current Title IX or sexual misconduct webpage and look for its coordinator and reporting methods. A report may also be made to another responsible school employee. The person reporting does not have to be the person directly affected; a witness or supporter can report too. The U.S. Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights (OCR) describes these reporting routes in its sexual harassment guidance.
Because this is a U.S.-wide guide, it cannot name the right contact or explain a particular campus’s reporting form, office hours, or policy. Follow the institution’s current instructions, or contact its Title IX office to ask how to submit a report.
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What support is available?
Ask the coordinator what supportive measures the university can discuss and how to request them. Under the Department’s Frequently Asked Questions: Sex Discrimination, the coordinator must promptly contact the complainant to discuss available supportive measures whether or not a formal complaint has been filed, and explain the formal complaint process. The Department last reviewed that FAQ on June 30, 2025.
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Asking about support does not, by itself, mean you have filed a formal complaint. What measures are available and how they are arranged depend on the institution and circumstances; ask the coordinator what applies at your university.
Who can keep information confidential?
Do not assume that a report to the university will remain confidential. The university’s policy should explain its reporting and information-sharing practices, but those details are institution-specific. If privacy is a concern, check the policy and ask a confidential campus advocate or counselor, if available, about confidentiality before giving details to an employee whose role you are unsure of.
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What happens after a report?
A report gives the university information. The coordinator should promptly contact the complainant about supportive measures and explain the formal complaint process. A report is not itself the same as a formal complaint, and it does not guarantee a particular finding or sanction.
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If someone files a formal complaint, the university must follow its applicable grievance procedure under the current federal framework. OCR procedural material identifies steps including notice, an impartial investigation, an opportunity for the parties to present evidence and witnesses, reasonable timeframes for major stages, written notice of the outcome and any appeal, and steps to remedy discrimination found. See the Department’s February 11, 2025 resolution document. The exact procedure and timing depend on the university’s current policy; there is no single resolution date established here.
Report versus formal complaint
| Route or step | What it does | What to expect |
|---|---|---|
| Report to the university | Communicates information to the coordinator or another responsible school employee. | Coordinator outreach about supportive measures and the formal complaint process; a report alone is not the grievance process. |
| Formal complaint | Invokes the institution’s grievance procedure. | The university follows its applicable process, including investigation and notice requirements; details and timelines vary by policy. |
| OCR complaint | Asks the U.S. Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights to address a discrimination complaint. | A separate federal route with its own filing instructions and qualifications; it is not a guaranteed outcome. |
How federal Title IX rules apply
The Department’s FAQ says that a school with actual knowledge of sexual harassment in its covered education program or activity in the United States must respond promptly in a manner that is not deliberately indifferent. If a formal complaint is filed, the school must offer supportive measures to the respondent and use the 2020 grievance process. The precise scope and process can depend on the circumstances and the school’s policy, so consult the Department’s FAQ alongside the university’s current policy.
Reporting retaliation
Title IX protects students from retaliation, and Department guidance describes school responsibilities to prevent and respond to it. If you experience or fear retaliation, contact the Title IX coordinator or the university’s designated reporting channel. The Department’s guidance discusses retaliation protections.
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When to contact the Department of Education
You may also file a complaint with OCR, which is separate from the university’s process. OCR guidance states a general filing period of 180 days from the incident; that procedural deadline appears on its guidance page, last reviewed October 3, 2024. Check OCR’s current filing instructions promptly for the applicable deadline and any exceptions. The Department says using the university grievance procedure is generally not a prerequisite to an OCR complaint, but OCR may not handle a matter while a comparable school or agency process is underway. See OCR’s complaint-process questions and answers for how parallel processes may affect a complaint.
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