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Audacity records audio, not MIDI, so you can’t capture your digital piano by simply plugging in a USB cable. You capture the sound the instrument produces by routing its audio output into your computer, either directly or through a USB audio interface. Use the piano’s USB port only if its manual confirms that it carries audio. Then select the correct input in Audacity, set the recording level, record, and save a WAV or AIFF copy before you edit anything.
Check whether your piano’s USB port carries audio
USB does not automatically mean audio. Many electronic keyboards use their USB port to send MIDI note data to a computer, and Audacity cannot accept MIDI input for recording. According to the Audacity Manual’s FAQ on recording troubleshooting, the program can only record an audio signal, meaning the actual sound the keyboard produces. That is why a keyboard that appears connected in Audacity can still show no waveform.
Look in your keyboard’s manual for a statement that its USB connection supports audio. If the manual does not say so, treat the USB port as MIDI-only and use an analog audio output instead.
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Choose a connection route
Your options depend on what your piano outputs and what your computer accepts. The table compares the four routes that the Audacity documentation describes.
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| Route | Use it when | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| Keyboard USB audio | The keyboard manual states that USB carries audio | MIDI-only USB connections give Audacity no audio to record. |
| Headphone or line output to a computer line input | Your computer has a true line-level input | Match the cable and connectors at both ends. A mono microphone input is not the same as a line input, and many laptops have only a mono microphone jack. |
| Line output to a USB audio interface | Your computer has no suitable line input | The interface needs line-level inputs and a cable that fits your piano’s output and the interface’s input. |
| Microphone placed near the piano | No workable direct output connection | This captures room sound rather than the instrument’s direct signal. Audacity’s documentation lists a high-quality microphone as an alternative. |
Your piano’s output type and connector sizes determine the correct cable, and no single adapter works for every model. Confirm the output and input types on both devices before you buy or plug anything in.
Set up the input in Audacity
- Connect your chosen route and turn the piano on. Confirm that your operating system lists the computer input or audio interface in its sound settings. If it does not appear there, Audacity cannot see it either.
- Open Audacity and select the recording device in the Audio Setup toolbar. You can also open Preferences and go to Audio Settings to choose the device there.
- Choose the channel setting that matches your piano. If the keyboard has stereo outputs, select the two-channel stereo recording option. If it has a single output, record in mono. The Audacity tutorial on selecting a keyboard device recommends stereo when stereo outputs are available.
- Play the loudest passage you expect to record and watch the Recording Meter. Adjust the input level so the peaks stay below clipping. The Audacity Manual’s Recording page advises aiming for a maximum peak of around −6 dB, or 0.5 if your meters are set to linear rather than dB. This is a general setup target from that page, and the publication date is not stated there.
- If you want to hear the instrument through the computer while you record, enable input monitoring in Audacity if your setup offers it. An interface with direct monitoring can also let you hear the signal without the software.
Record and save a safety copy before editing
- Click Record, play the piece, and click Stop.
- Go to File > Export and export the take as a WAV or AIFF file. Audacity recommends doing this immediately after recording and before any editing, so you keep an unaltered source file.
- Only after the safety copy is saved should you trim, apply effects, or edit the project.
Menu labels and device names can differ between Audacity versions and between operating systems, so check the names against the version you have installed.
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Troubleshooting
No waveform when connected by USB
Confirm that your keyboard manual says its USB port carries audio. If it sends MIDI only, Audacity will not show a waveform from that connection. Switch to a headphone, line, or other audio output and use one of the audio routes above.
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Check that the operating system recognizes the device first. If you connected the interface or keyboard after Audacity was already open, restart Audacity or choose Transport > Rescan Audio Devices.
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The recording is distorted
Check whether you are plugged into a microphone input, which is designed for a much weaker signal than a keyboard’s output. Move to a true line-level input or a line-level USB audio interface, then lower the input level and repeat the peak check.
Only one channel is recorded
Check how many outputs your piano provides. If it has stereo outputs, change the Audacity recording setting to two-channel stereo and record again.
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Nothing is audible while monitoring
Audacity offers audible input monitoring, but it must be enabled in your setup. If you use a headphone output from the keyboard, the built-in speakers may mute, depending on the instrument, so check the keyboard’s controls if you hear nothing.
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