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For a standard Hi-Link HLK-LD2410-family module, connect sensor TX to an ESP32 UART RX pin, sensor RX to UART TX, and both grounds together. The manual specifies a 5 V supply and 3.3 V UART/GPIO logic for the standard LD2410; use the manual for your exact variant before wiring. This guide uses ESPHome’s documented UART integration for the LD2410, LD2410B, and LD2410C—not every presence radar module.
Check the sensor model and pinout first
“Presence radar sensor” describes many modules with different electrical requirements and protocols. Confirm the full model name and the labels or pin order on your sensor before connecting anything. The standard HLK-LD2410 manual describes 5 V input and 3.3 V interface logic; do not assume those specifications or its pinout apply to the LD2410S or another radar module. See the ESPHome LD2410 component documentation for the models it documents, and the HLK-LD2410 User Manual for the standard module’s specifications.
Wire the LD2410 to the ESP32
For the UART integration, connect power and ground, then cross the serial data lines: the sensor’s TX sends data to the ESP32’s RX, and the sensor’s RX receives data from the ESP32’s TX.
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| HLK-LD2410 signal | ESP32 connection | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| VCC | Suitable 5 V supply | The standard manual specifies 5 V input and notes 5–12 V acceptance. Choose a supply appropriate for both the sensor and development board; confirm the exact module manual. |
| GND | GND | Connect grounds so UART signals share a reference. |
| UART TX | Chosen ESP32 UART RX GPIO | Cross TX and RX. |
| UART RX | Chosen ESP32 UART TX GPIO | Cross TX and RX. |
| OUT (optional) | Free ESP32 GPIO input | Use only if you also want the sensor’s one-bit output as a GPIO binary sensor. |
The sensor’s UART/GPIO interface logic is 3.3 V according to the standard manual. ESP32 boards differ in which GPIOs are exposed or suitable. Espressif documents UART routing through the ESP32 GPIO Matrix, but that does not make every pin available on every development board; check your board documentation. See the ESP32 Datasheet, version 5.3.
#1 Best Overall
- The LD2410C is a high-performance 24GHz human presence detection module that employs FMCW (Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave) technology to precisely identify human targets within a predefined area
- By combining radar signal analysis with sophisticated human recognition algorithms, it achieves high-accuracy presence tracking while simultaneously measuring target distance and supplementary metrics
- In contrast to traditional sensors, the LD2410C is capable of detecting not only moving persons but also stationary individuals, subtle movements, and seated or reclining postures, delivering enhanced detection reliability
- Offering real-time monitoring and rapid response, the module covers a detection range of up to 5 meters with a distance resolution of 0.75 meters, guaranteeing consistent operation
- Equipped with GPIO and UART interfaces for easy integration, it allows for versatile application in diverse smart environments and end products
Configure ESPHome UART and the LD2410 component
The standard LD2410 UART default is 256000 baud, no parity, and one stop bit. ESPHome recommends using a hardware UART for reliable operation at the default rate. In this example, GPIO17 is TX and GPIO16 is RX; those pins are illustrative for a classic ESP32 arrangement, not universal board recommendations.
uart:
id: radar_uart
tx_pin: GPIO17
rx_pin: GPIO16
baud_rate: 256000
parity: NONE
stop_bits: 1
ld2410:
uart_id: radar_uart
binary_sensor:
- platform: ld2410
has_target:
name: Presence
has_moving_target:
name: Moving target
has_still_target:
name: Still targetChoose UART pins supported by your specific ESP32 board and variant, then use the matching pins in the YAML. The ESPHome component can provide target states and, depending on the entities you configure, additional measurements and controls.
Rank #2
- Ultra-High Sensitivity Human Presence Sensor for Stationary/Micro-Motion: The LD2410C mmWave sensor detects both moving and stationary humans (e.g., sitting, lying, or micro-movements) with advanced FMCW radar technology. With a 6-meter maximum range and ±60° detection angle, it reliably identifies targets even in complex environments. Configurable distance zones and sensitivity levels allow customization for smart lighting, security systems, or health safety applications.
- All-Environment Adaptability & Invisible Installation: Unlike PIR or IR sensors, this mmwave presence sensor works flawlessly in varying temperatures, lighting conditions, or humidity. The sleek design allows hidden installation without surface openings, maintaining product aesthetics while ensuring robust performance.
- BT UART Configuration for Smart Customization: Use the dedicated APP or UART interface to fine-tune parameters like detection range (0.75m to 6m), zone sensitivity, and idle timeout. The intuitive configuration tool simplifies setup for developers, enabling rapid integration into smart home devices, IoT projects, or industrial systems like UV lamp safety guards or retail display screens.
- Plug-and-Play Integration with Versatile Output: Supports GPIO (3.3V) and UART output for immediate connectivity to microcontrollers or automation systems. The compact 16mm×22mm form factor suits wall/ceiling mounting and works with 5V power (200mA). Ideal for energy-saving applications (e.g., automatic lighting, HVAC control) or security alerts when motion is detected in restricted areas.
- Cost-Effective Radar Solution for Mass Applications: The LD2410C millimeter wave radar detection sensor offers superior performance compared to competing mm wave sensors. Perfect for OEMs and developers creating cost-sensitive products like smart bulbs, retail kiosks, or industrial safety systems. Its extreme temperature tolerance (-40°C to 85°C) ensures reliability in extreme environments.
Optional: use the OUT pin for a simple presence signal
If a single on/off presence state is enough, connect OUT to a free ESP32 GPIO input and configure an ESPHome GPIO binary sensor for that pin. UART is the richer integration path and does not require OUT. The OUT behavior can be affected by the sensor’s light-function setting, so consult the exact module documentation and account for its configuration.
Bring up the sensor and tune it for the room
- Identify the exact module. Check its label, manual, and pin order before applying power; do not infer one variant’s wiring from another.
- Connect power and signals. Provide the required supply, join sensor and ESP32 grounds, and cross UART TX/RX. Verify that your selected ESP32 pins are usable on the board.
- Match the serial settings. For standard LD2410 defaults, set ESPHome to 256000 baud,
parity: NONE, andstop_bits: 1; use hardware UART where available. - Check reported entities. Once data arrives, expose the target, moving-target, and still-target states you need. ESPHome also documents distance and energy measurements and configuration controls.
- Calibrate in the installed location. Enable engineering mode, observe the moving and still energy readings for each gate, and adjust thresholds to suit the room. Disable engineering mode after tuning. The documentation does not establish one threshold set that suits every room.
If ESPHome receives no data
Check the basic wiring and configuration in this order; these checks follow from the documented pin and UART requirements.
Rank #3
- LD2410B is A Highly Sensitive 24GHz Human Presence State Sensing Module,Can Identify the Human Body in Motion and Static State, and Can Calculate the Distance of the Target and Other Auxiliary Information
- 24GHz ISM Band, The Farthest Sensing Distance is Up to 5 Meters, the Detection Angle is Large, the Coverage Range is Up to 60 Degrees, the Accurate Identification Within the Interval is Supported, the Sensing Range is Divided, and the Interference Meter Wave Sensor Module Outside the Interval is Shielded
- LD2410B Sensor Module has Good Environmental Adaptability, and the Induction Effect is Not Affected by the Surrounding Environment Such as Temperature, Brightness, Humidity and Light Fluctuation,Simple Assembly Method, Support Hanging Top, Hanging Wall and Other Installation Methods
- HLK-LD2410B-P Radar Sensor Module Supports GPIO and UART Output, Plug and Play, and Can be Flexibly Applied to Different Intelligent Scenarios and Terminal Products,Good Shell Penetration,Can be Hidden in the Shell Inside the Work, No Need to Open Holes On the Surface of the Product,Improve the Product Appearance
- LD2410B Radar Sensor Module Working Principle is to Use FMCW FM Continuous Wave to Detect the Human Body Target in the Set Space, Combine With Radar Signal Processing and Accurate Human Body Sensing Algorithm to Achieve High Sensitivity Human Body Presence State Sensing,It is Mainly Used in Indoor Scenes, Sensing Whether There is a Moving or Inching Human Body in the Area, and Outputting the Detection Results in Real Time
- Confirm the exact sensor variant and its pin labels or pin order.
- Verify the sensor has the required supply and that the ESP32 and sensor share ground.
- Check that sensor TX goes to ESP32 RX and sensor RX goes to ESP32 TX.
- Make sure the selected GPIOs are available and appropriate for your specific board.
- Match the sensor’s baud rate, parity, and stop bits; standard LD2410 defaults are 256000, none, and one stop bit.
- Use a hardware UART if available, as ESPHome recommends for the default baud rate.
Choose the integration that fits the project
Use UART when you need the richer data and controls documented by ESPHome. Use OUT only when a simple presence state is sufficient. ESPHome documents support for LD2410, LD2410B, and LD2410C; family resemblance alone does not establish support for another model. Before choosing a module or board, compare the exact model’s ESPHome support, supply and signal levels, serial settings, connector and pin arrangement, and whether your project needs telemetry beyond a binary output.
Quick Recap
Best Value
- ★The HLK-LD2410S is a battery-powered, ultra-low-power human presence millimeter-wave sensor from Hailink’s LD2410S series, comprising the streamlined 24GHz millimeter-wave sensor hardware (LD2410S) and low-power human presence detection smart algorithm firmware.
- ★The LD2410S hardware integrates an AloT millimeter-wave sensor, a high-performance 24GHz transmit-receive antenna and peripheral circuitry; the low-power intelligent human presence detection algorithm utilizes millimeter-wave sensor distance measurement technology and the ICL1112 chip’s advanced proprietary radar signal processing and low-power control technology to achieve precise detection of moving, slightly moving, and stationary humans.
- ★The low-power human presence detection algorithm firmware is primarily designed for indoor applications, detecting whether there are moving or slightly moving humans within the sensing area in low-power mode and refreshing detection results in real time.
- ★The HLK-LD2410S has a farthest detection range of 8 meters for moving humans. It supports configurable trigger and hold thresholds for different ranges, human presence status, reporting frequency for target human distance, as well as reporting intervals when no human is present.
- ★The HLK-LD2410S supports GPIO and UART interfaces, offering plug-and-play functionality and flexible application in various smart scenarios and end-user products.
Rank #4
- LD2410C Human Presence Radar Sensor Module is a High Sensitivity 24GHz Human Presence State Sensing Module. Its Working Principle is to Use FMCW FM Continuous Wave to Detect Human Targets in the Set Space
- LD2410C Human Presence Radar Sensor Module Support GPIO and UART Output, Plug and Play, Flexible Application to Different Intelligent Scenarios and Terminal Products
- LD2410C Human Presence Radar Sensor Module Combines Radar Signal Processing and Accurate Human Body Sensing Algorithm to Realize High Sensitivity Human Body Presence State Sensing, and Can Calculate the Target Distance and Other Auxiliary Information
- Convenient Parameter Adjustment: LD2410C Human Presence Radar Sensor Module Offers the Convenience of Direct Parameter Adjustment Using a Dedicated Mobile App. This Eliminates the Need for Complex Programming or Connecting to a Serial Port for Debugging
- Widely Applications: LD2410C Human Presence Radar Sensor Module In Addition to Being Sensitive to the Moving Human Body,and Sensitive to the Static, Inching, and Sitting and Lying Human Body that Cannot be Recognized by the Traditional Scheme,Widely Used for Temperature, Brightness, Humidity, and Light Fluctuations. This Ensures Reliable and Accurate Sensing Results in Diverse Environments
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