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For U.S. short-term cash, neither a money market fund nor a Treasury bill is always the better choice. Compare the current net yield over the same period, estimated after-tax return, when you need the money, access rules, fees, and how much principal risk you can accept. A Treasury bill has a stated maturity and pays face value then; a money market fund offers redeemable shares but is not an insured bank deposit and can lose value.

What you own—and why the distinction matters

Money market fund

A money market fund is a mutual fund that invests in short-term debt and generally seeks to keep its net asset value (NAV) at $1 per share. It is not the same as a bank money market deposit account. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) says, “An investment in a money market fund, however, has no FDIC guarantee.” Fund shares can lose value, and a stable $1 NAV is a goal, not a guarantee. Read the SEC’s Investor Bulletin: Focus on Money Market Funds and the specific fund’s current prospectus for its structure, risks, and terms.

Treasury bill

A Treasury bill is an individual U.S. government security with a defined maturity. TreasuryDirect lists 4-, 6-, 8-, 13-, 17-, 26-, and 52-week bills. Bills are sold at a discount or at par; at maturity, the investor receives face value. TreasuryDirect puts it simply: “When the bill matures, you are paid its face value.” The difference between the purchase price and face value is the bill’s interest. See TreasuryDirect’s Treasury Bills page.

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Compare the choices on the same terms

Question Money market fund Treasury bill
What do you own? Shares in a mutual fund backed by a short-term portfolio. The fund category and its holdings matter. A Treasury security with a stated maturity and an auction-set price or discount rate.
How does return work? Income and yield change as portfolio earnings, market rates, and expenses change. Check the fund’s current yield and fees. Typically bought below face value; the difference is paid as interest at maturity.
When can you access cash? You redeem through the fund and its platform. Check the applicable cutoff, settlement time, and any fund-specific restrictions; redemption is not necessarily instant. The bill pays at maturity. You may sell earlier, but the sale price can be above or below what you paid.
What about principal? The fund generally seeks a stable NAV, often $1, but shares are not FDIC-insured and can lose value. Under the security’s terms, face value is paid at maturity. Selling early exposes you to market-price risk.
How are taxes handled? Tax treatment depends on the fund’s income sources, distributions, and your jurisdiction. Check its prospectus and year-end tax materials. TreasuryDirect says bill interest is subject to federal tax and exempt from state and local taxes.
What costs or setup should you check? Review the expense ratio, share class, minimum, account or transaction charges, and brokerage terms in current fund materials. Check any broker commission or transaction charge and the purchase route. TreasuryDirect lists a $100 minimum and $100 increments.

How to make a fair yield comparison

  1. Match the dates. Compare yield figures published for the same date, and match the bill’s maturity or expected holding period to when you need the cash. Fund yields and auction yields move over time.
  2. Check the yield convention. A fund’s seven-day yield and a bill’s discount rate are calculated and presented differently. Do not compare the quoted figures as if they were identical measures; use each provider’s stated convention.
  3. Account for costs and timing. Compare the fund’s yield after operating expenses with the bill’s expected return for the matched holding period. Include brokerage costs, any fund-related fees, and cash that may sit uninvested between maturities or reinvestments.
  4. Estimate taxes for your situation. TreasuryDirect describes the general tax treatment of Treasury marketable securities as federal tax with state and local exemption; see TreasuryDirect’s tax information. For a fund, check its portfolio, distributions, tax reporting, and prospectus. One Treasury-focused fund’s prospectus may say it seeks income exempt from most state and local individual income taxes, but that does not establish the treatment of every fund or every investor; see the Allspring prospectus example.
  5. Use current documents. Verify a fund’s current yield, expense ratio, holdings, prospectus, settlement and redemption terms, and any restrictions. For a bill, confirm the available auction and maturity schedule, price, and purchase terms. Do not treat an illustrative pricing example as a current quote.

Let the cash date guide the decision

If you know when you will need the money

A bill whose maturity lines up with the cash date can make the timing and face-value payment clear, subject to auction availability and settlement. If you hold it to maturity, its return comes from the difference between its purchase price and face value. If you might need to sell before maturity, account for the possibility that the market price will be lower than your purchase price.

If you may need the money sooner or on an uncertain date

A fund may suit a cash-management approach that relies on share redemptions, but the actual availability depends on the fund and the platform through which you hold it. Check cutoff times, settlement, and restrictions rather than assuming immediate access. A bill can be sold before maturity, but that is not equivalent to holding it to maturity because the sale price can fluctuate.

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What not to assume

  • A money market fund is not a bank deposit, is not FDIC-insured, and does not guarantee that its share price will stay at $1.
  • A Treasury bill’s maturity payment is different from the price you would receive if you sell before maturity.
  • A fund’s tax treatment is not automatically the same as a bill’s; fund income sources, distributions, and local rules matter.
  • A yield quoted on one date is not a standing rate. Recheck current fund and auction information before acting.

Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.