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Check an email address with a reputable breach-lookup service, then use your browser or password manager to check saved passwords. A match tells you that the address or credential appears in records the service knows about; it does not prove when someone accessed your account or identify every place the password was used. A “no result” is also limited: it means the address was not found in that service’s loaded records, not that exposure is impossible.
If a password appears in a breach or was reused on an affected account, replace it everywhere with a unique password, end other sessions, enable two-factor authentication, verify recovery details, and check for unauthorized email-forwarding rules.
What a breach lookup can—and cannot—tell you
Breach-checking services compare the information you submit with collections of known incident records. Those records can include an email address, a password, a password hash, a username, a phone number, or other fields, depending on what was exposed. The service may show the affected organization and categories of data, but it usually cannot tell you whether an attacker successfully logged in to your account.
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1Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems2Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute3Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsThe database is necessarily incomplete. A breach may be missing because it has not been discovered, because the provider cannot obtain enough details to publish it, or because the incident is not included in that service’s data set. An old result can still matter if you reused the same password on an account you use today.
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- A match: Treat the listed address or password as exposed and investigate every active account that used it.
- No match: The address was not found in that service’s current records. It is not proof that no breach occurred.
- Unknown organization: It may be an old site, a renamed business, a data aggregator, or a “combolist” that combines credentials from multiple incidents. Verify the record and focus first on accounts that are still active or reused the credential.
Check an email address with a public lookup
Have I Been Pwned: a one-time search
Have I Been Pwned provides a public search commonly phrased as “check if your email address has been exposed in a data breach.” Navigate to the service directly, enter the address, and submit the search. Do not follow a sign-in link from an unsolicited warning message; open the official site yourself or use its official app when available.
- Open the official Have I Been Pwned website by typing its address or using a bookmark you created previously.
- Enter the email address exactly as it is used, including any alternate addresses or old addresses that may have been attached to accounts.
- Review the result for named breaches and the categories of exposed information. A listing can show that an address was present without proving that the current mailbox or account was taken over.
- Record which listed organizations still have an account connected to you. Secure those accounts first, especially where a password was reused.
- Use the service’s notification option if you want alerts about future records. Treat alerts as a prompt to investigate, not as proof of a current intrusion.
A no-match result means only that the address was not found in the breaches loaded into Have I Been Pwned at the time of the search. It does not cover undiscovered incidents, private records, or breaches absent from the service’s database.
Mozilla Monitor: search plus account-based alerts
Mozilla Monitor searches publicly available breach data using Have I Been Pwned as its data source. Mozilla says its public search reaches back to 2007. You can search an email address publicly, but a Mozilla account is needed for ongoing alerts and detailed reports. Results involving sensitive sites require sign-in or a subscription rather than appearing in the unrestricted public search.
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- Go directly to Mozilla Monitor and enter the email address you want to assess.
- Read the organization name, incident details, and exposed data categories supplied for each match.
- Sign in or create a Mozilla account if you want the monitoring dashboard and future notifications.
- Use the report to identify accounts that may still be active or where the same password was used elsewhere.
Mozilla cautions that its records are not exhaustive. Some breaches may be absent because they have not been discovered or because the source does not have permission or sufficient information to publish them. Monitor also does not know your passwords; it checks email addresses against breach records.
Compare the practical checking options
| Option | What it checks | Typical workflow | Privacy information stated by the provider | Ongoing coverage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Have I Been Pwned | An email address against known breach records | One-time public lookup, with a notification option | The service’s search page explains whether the address appears in breaches loaded into its database | Future records may be covered if you enable notifications; a search alone is not continuous monitoring |
| Mozilla Monitor | An email address against publicly available breach data | Public search; account sign-in for alerts and detailed reports | Mozilla says it does not know users’ passwords | Account-based monitoring and alerts; sensitive-site results require sign-in or subscription |
| Firefox Password Manager | Saved logins, known breach dates, and reuse of saved passwords | Review alerts in Firefox’s saved-password settings | Mozilla says these checks run locally and saved passwords are not sent to Mozilla | Checks saved credentials and can alert when a saved site is associated with a known breach |
These options are complementary rather than interchangeable. An email lookup can reveal that an address appeared in an incident even when you no longer remember the account. Firefox’s local checks can identify password reuse among the logins saved in that browser, which an email-only search cannot do.
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Check saved passwords safely in Firefox
Use the browser’s own saved-password security feature instead of typing a current password into an unfamiliar “password checker.” Firefox Password Manager compares known website breach dates with the date a login was saved and checks whether a potentially vulnerable password was reused across other saved logins. Mozilla says the comparisons are performed locally and saved passwords are not sent to Mozilla.
- Open Firefox and its Password Manager (the saved-logins area in Firefox settings).
- Review any warning that a saved website has been involved in a known breach. The warning relates the breach date to the saved login information available in that Firefox profile.
- Open the affected login entry and identify other saved entries that use the same password or a close variant. Reuse warnings are especially important because an attacker can try an exposed password on unrelated services.
- Change the password at the affected website through its official sign-in page, then update the saved login in Firefox.
- Repeat the change for every other saved login that used the exposed password. Generate a different password for each account.
The Firefox check covers credentials saved in that browser profile. It cannot evaluate passwords you never saved there, accounts used only on another device, or records that are not associated with a known breach. Other browsers and password products may use different methods and privacy practices; consult their current official documentation before entering sensitive information.
How to interpret a breach result
Read the exposed-data categories
A listing may identify categories such as email addresses, usernames, passwords, password hints, phone numbers, or other personal information. The category determines your response. An address-only exposure primarily increases the risk of targeted phishing and password-reset attempts. An exposed password requires immediate replacement wherever it was used. Personal or financial information may require additional recovery and monitoring through the affected provider.
Check the date and whether the account still matters
Older incidents are not automatically harmless. If the password from an old breach was reused on a current mailbox, shopping account, social account, or work service, the old record still gives an attacker a useful credential. Conversely, an account that was closed and had a unique password may need less urgent work than an active account that shares the same password.
Distinguish a breach listing from an account takeover
A database match says that information appeared in a known record. It does not establish that someone logged in, changed settings, or still possesses the data. Look for independent signs such as password-reset messages you did not request, unfamiliar devices or sessions, sent messages you did not write, changed recovery details, new forwarding rules, or transactions you do not recognize.
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What to do after an email or password match
1. Change the affected password
Sign in by navigating directly to the organization’s official website or app. Create a long, unique password that you have never used on another service. A password manager can generate and store different credentials so you do not have to memorize each one. Do not reuse a previous password with a minor modification; attackers routinely try predictable variations.
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Search your saved logins, notes, and account list for the exposed password. Change every account that used it, even if that account was not named in the breach report. Changing only the password on the listed website leaves the other reused accounts vulnerable to credential-stuffing attacks.
3. End other sessions
Use the account’s security or device-management page to sign out sessions on other phones, browsers, and computers. This can invalidate an attacker’s existing session after you change the password. If the provider offers “sign out everywhere,” use it, then sign back in only on devices you control.
4. Turn on two-factor authentication
Enable two-factor authentication (2FA) wherever the account offers it. A password alone should not be the only barrier protecting email, financial, work, or social accounts. Store backup codes in a secure place and update your recovery method if your phone number or authenticator device changes.
5. Verify recovery information
Check the recovery email addresses and phone numbers listed in account settings. Remove details you do not recognize and confirm that your own recovery channels still work. An attacker who changes recovery information can regain access after you reset the password.
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6. Inspect email forwarding and account activity
In an email account, review forwarding addresses, filters, rules, delegated access, and automatic replies. Remove anything you did not create. Examine recent sign-ins, connected applications, sent mail, deleted mail, and security notifications for activity you cannot explain.
7. Use official recovery channels if you are locked out
If the password no longer works or recovery details were changed, use the provider’s official account-recovery process. Do not pay an unsolicited “recovery” service or disclose a password to someone who contacts you. If the exposed information includes identity or financial details, follow the affected organization’s official recovery instructions and monitor relevant financial accounts.
The Federal Trade Commission’s October 2024 guidance for hacked email and social accounts likewise recommends a unique strong password, signing out other devices, enabling 2FA, confirming recovery information, and checking email-forwarding rules.
Protect the lookup itself
- Never submit a current password to an unfamiliar checker. An email address is commonly used for a public lookup; a live password is a secret that should stay in your password manager or the account’s official security tool.
- Navigate directly. Type the service address, use a trusted bookmark, or open the official app. Phishing pages often imitate breach alerts and ask for a password “to verify” a result.
- Use separate addresses carefully. Search old, alternate, and forwarding addresses if they were used for accounts. Do not assume that checking your primary address covers aliases.
- Limit what you disclose. A legitimate email lookup should not require your account password, payment-card number, security answers, or a copy of identity documents.
- Record the remediation. Keep a private list of affected accounts, password-change dates, 2FA status, and recovery details so you can confirm that no reused credential was missed.
Common situations and the right response
The result names a site you do not remember
Look for an old registration, a service that changed names, or a data aggregator. Search your password manager and old email for account-creation messages, but do not reactivate an abandoned account merely to investigate. If you find that the same password was used on a current account, change the current account first.
The result shows only an email address
Expect more phishing and password-reset attempts, but do not assume the mailbox was accessed. Strengthen the email account itself: use a unique password, enable 2FA, review recovery details, and inspect forwarding rules and recent activity.
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The result includes a password
Treat that password as permanently unsafe. Change it on the named service and every other account where it appeared. Do not wait for evidence of an attempted login; exposed credentials are often tested automatically.
You receive an alert but cannot find the breach in the public search
The alert may concern a sensitive site, a newly added record, a different address, or information visible only after account sign-in. Open the monitoring dashboard directly, verify which address is involved, and avoid links embedded in the alert message.
You get no result but suspect an intrusion
Continue with account-security checks. Review sign-in history, devices, password-reset messages, forwarding rules, sent mail, and financial activity. A clean lookup cannot rule out a private incident, an undiscovered breach, malware on a device, or password theft through phishing.
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When to prioritize which account
Secure accounts in this order when time is limited:
- Your primary email account: It can receive password resets for many other services.
- Financial, payment, and identity-related accounts: Review transactions and contact the provider through an official channel if details were exposed.
- Work or school accounts: Notify the organization’s security or IT team, especially if the password was reused elsewhere.
- Accounts holding personal data or public profiles: End unknown sessions, check messages and profile changes, and enable 2FA.
- Low-value or abandoned accounts: Change or close them if the credential was reused, then remove saved copies you no longer need.
How often to check
Run a lookup when you hear that a service you use suffered a breach, after receiving a credible security notification, or when you discover password reuse. An account-based monitoring option can alert you when a new record is added, but alerts still depend on the provider receiving and processing the breach data. Periodically review saved-password warnings in Firefox and your password manager, especially after importing logins or creating accounts on new services.
Checking is only one part of prevention. Unique passwords reduce the damage from one exposed credential, 2FA blocks many password-only attacks, and regular review of recovery settings helps detect account changes that a breach database cannot show.
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