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Call ax.view_init(elev=..., azim=...) on the 3D axes to change a Matplotlib scatter plot’s camera angle. The values are in degrees: elevation tilts the camera up or down, while azimuth moves it around the vertical axis.
Set the view angle in Python
Create a 3D axes, plot the points with its scatter method, then set the view on that same axes object:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(projection="3d")
ax.scatter(x, y, z)
ax.view_init(elev=25, azim=45) # angles are in degrees
plt.show()
Replace x, y, and z with your data. You can call ax.view_init after plotting and before displaying or saving the figure. For 3D content and view controls, use methods on the 3D axes; pyplot functions for adding plot content are strictly 2D, as the mplot3d overview explains.
What elevation, azimuth, and roll change
Matplotlib defines the 3D viewport camera using elevation, azimuth, and roll. The angle arguments to view_init are degrees, not radians. With the default z-axis vertical, the angles work as follows, according to the Axes3D.view_init API:
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elevsets the camera’s height above or below the horizontal plane. Positive elevation looks down from above the x-y plane.azimrotates the camera around the vertical axis. Positive azimuth rotates from the camera’s +x direction toward +y.rollspins the camera around its viewing direction. Positive roll turns the camera clockwise, making the scene appear to rotate counter-clockwise.
Roll is optional for typical view adjustments. You can omit an argument to retain its initially specified value; the Matplotlib 3.10.9 API reference documents this behavior.
Use reference angles for top and side views
For a direct view of a coordinate plane with the default z-axis vertical, the Matplotlib 3.10.9 API reference gives these angle settings:
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| View | Elevation | Azimuth |
|---|---|---|
| XY plane (top view) | 90 |
-90 |
| XZ plane | 0 |
-90 |
| YZ plane | 0 |
0 |
For example, to look down at the x-y plane, use ax.view_init(elev=90, azim=-90). The reference angles are starting points for those planes, not recommendations for every dataset.
Choose an angle that reveals your data
There is no universally best camera angle. Adjust elevation and azimuth in small increments, checking whether the view separates overlapping points or makes the relationship you care about easier to see. Use roll only when you need to rotate the camera around the sightline.
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The official 3D scatter gallery uses ax.view_init(elev=20., azim=-35, roll=0) to make it easier to see that points lie on the plane y=0. Those values illustrate one dataset and are not a general-purpose setting.
Rotate the plot interactively
You can also rotate a 3D axes with the mouse while exploring a figure. The current stable view-angle guide describes arcball as the default mouse rotation style and says it can be changed with rcParams["axes3d.mouserotationstyle"]. Before Matplotlib 3.10, mouse position mapped directly to azimuth and elevation; newer trackball-style behavior can include roll. For a reproducible, fixed view in code, set the angles explicitly with view_init.
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