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To add GST, multiply the GST-exclusive price by 1 + the GST rate. To remove GST from a GST-inclusive price, divide the total by 1 + the GST rate. If you need only the GST portion of an inclusive total, multiply it by the rate ÷ (1 + the rate)—not by the headline rate.

Choose the right formula for the price you have

Write the applicable GST rate as a decimal and call it r. For example, 10% becomes 0.10 and 9% becomes 0.09. Let the starting amount be the price before GST or the final price including GST, as appropriate.

What you know What you want Calculation
GST-exclusive price GST amount Exclusive price × r
GST-exclusive price GST-inclusive total Exclusive price × (1 + r)
GST-inclusive total GST-exclusive price Inclusive total ÷ (1 + r)
GST-inclusive total GST portion Inclusive total × r ÷ (1 + r)

How to add GST to an exclusive price

Multiply the exclusive price by the rate to find the GST amount, then add that tax to the original price. Equivalently, multiply the exclusive price by 1 + the rate to get the inclusive total directly.

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For example, the Australian Government’s GST learning resource uses a 10% rate in this worked example: a $160 exclusive amount has $16 GST, for a $176 inclusive total. See the Australian Government GST learning resource.

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How to remove GST from an inclusive price

Divide the inclusive price by 1 + the rate to recover the price before GST. Using the Australian Government example, $176 ÷ 1.10 = $160. The GST included in the $176 total is therefore $16.

How to calculate only the GST included in a total

Use the tax fraction r ÷ (1 + r) on the inclusive total. The fraction is smaller than the headline rate because the tax is already part of the total. At a 10% rate, the fraction is 10/110, or 1/11; at 9%, it is 9/109.

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For a Singapore example, the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS) shows that an inclusive price of $109 at 9% contains $9 GST. The calculation is $109 × 9/109 = $9. See IRAS guidance on computing output tax.

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Use the rate that applies to the transaction

The arithmetic is consistent, but the correct rate depends on the country and the particular supply. The official examples here illustrate different rates; they are not interchangeable or a statement of the rate that applies to every transaction:

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Confirm the applicable rate for the country, supply and transaction before doing the calculation.

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Rounding and displayed prices are separate questions

Round the result according to the relevant jurisdiction’s invoice, tax or accounting rules. The official sources cited here do not establish one rounding convention that applies everywhere.

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A correct conversion also does not determine whether a seller can advertise or quote a price before GST. Price-display requirements are separate local rules. In Singapore, IRAS says GST-registered businesses must show public prices inclusive of GST, subject to stated exceptions, including qualifying hotels and food-and-beverage establishments that impose a service charge. IRAS states: “You must show the final price customers pay, including GST.” Read IRAS guidance on displaying and quoting prices. This Singapore rule should not be assumed to apply elsewhere.

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