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Build your outage kit around two needs: a way to receive reliable information when phone service is down, and a way to keep essential devices powered. A battery-powered or hand-crank radio, charged phones with compatible backup charging, and a written family communications plan are the core. Add lighting, safety supplies, and household-specific items, then keep the kit somewhere accessible.

Start with a radio, charged devices, and a paper plan

A phone is useful during an outage, but it depends on both a working device and available networks. FEMA recommends keeping a battery-powered or hand-crank radio that can receive NOAA Weather Radio tone alerts, with extra batteries. A radio provides another way to hear information if mobile service or internet access is unavailable.

Choose a radio based on its power options, NOAA Weather Radio alert capability, and whether it can receive signals where you live. Reception and alert coverage vary by location, so check local availability rather than assuming any radio will receive every alert.

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Keep phones and other essential electronics charged when severe weather is expected. FEMA’s power-outage information sheet, FEMA P-2143, says: “Keep mobile phones and other electronic equipment charged. Plan for alternative power sources that you can use to charge devices.” A spare phone battery, charger, or compatible external battery can help; confirm that charging accessories match the devices and connectors you need. The appropriate capacity depends on your household’s devices and use, and FEMA does not give a universal number of phone charges or runtime.

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FEMA also advises: “Create a communications plan and keep a paper copy.” Write down key phone numbers and agree how household members will contact one another and where to meet if separated. Do not rely on a plan stored only on a phone.

Assemble a practical home kit

FEMA’s emergency supply checklist presents its items as a starting point, not a fixed kit for every household. Alongside outage-specific equipment, it recommends broader emergency basics such as water, non-perishable food, first-aid supplies, sanitation items, and local maps. Keep supplies together in a place household members can reach, and consider smaller portable kits for a vehicle or workplace.

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Need What to include Practical check
Information Battery-powered or hand-crank radio with NOAA Weather Radio tone-alert capability; extra batteries Check power options and reception where you live.
Phone power Extra phone battery, charger, or compatible external battery Confirm connector compatibility and keep the backup charged or ready.
Lighting Flashlight and extra batteries; a battery-powered lantern can also help Test lights periodically and store spare batteries with them.
Emergency basics Water, non-perishable food, first-aid supplies, sanitation items, and local maps Adjust quantities and contents to household needs and local guidance.
Household safety Smoke and carbon monoxide alarms with battery backup FEMA recommends alarms on every level and near sleeping areas.

Before an outage, identify which devices matter most and choose charging equipment accordingly. If using a generator, decide which loads take priority; a generator may not be able to run everything simultaneously.

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Keep more than one route to alerts

Sign up for local alerts where available and keep radio access as a complementary route. FEMA’s app page says the FEMA App can provide real-time National Weather Service alerts for up to five locations and help users find nearby shelters. The page was last updated October 29, 2024; check the current app details and local alert options. App alerts require a working device and connectivity, so an app should not be the only way your household expects to receive information.

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Check in advance whether your phone service will work during an outage. A landline may also fail if its lines are damaged. Keep written contact information with the paper plan, and decide how household members will reconnect if they cannot reach one another.

Adapt supplies for medical and household needs

If someone relies on an electricity-dependent medical device, plan with their doctor for how to use the device during an outage and what backup power arrangements are appropriate. For medication that requires refrigeration, ask a doctor or pharmacist about that specific product’s temperature limits and what to do if power is lost; storage requirements vary.

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Include pets and other household members in supply planning. Account for their food, water, medication, and other necessary care, and make sure the communication and meeting plan works for everyone who may need to use it.

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Use backup power and lighting safely

  • Generators: Use them outdoors, at least 20 feet from building openings such as windows, doors, or garages, as FEMA advises. Never run a vehicle in a garage.
  • Indoor heating: Never use a gas stovetop, oven, grill, or dryer to heat the home.
  • Lighting: Use flashlights or battery-powered lanterns rather than relying on candles.
  • Alarms: Keep smoke and carbon monoxide alarms with battery backup on every level and near sleeping areas.

Protect food during a power outage

Keep refrigerator and freezer doors closed and monitor food temperatures when possible. FEMA’s power-outage information sheet says a refrigerator will keep food cold for about four hours when kept closed, and a full freezer will stay at a safe temperature for about 48 hours when kept closed. FEMA says to discard refrigerated food held at 40°F or above for more than four hours. Follow current food-safety guidance if the outage lasts longer or you are unsure whether food stayed cold enough.

Make the plan usable before an outage

  1. Write and share the plan. Record key contacts, how household members will communicate, and where to reconnect if separated. Keep a paper copy with the kit.
  2. Check the equipment. Confirm that radios receive local signals, test flashlights, and verify that chargers fit the devices you intend to power.
  3. Keep backups ready. Charge devices and external batteries when severe weather is expected; store spare batteries where they are easy to find.
  4. Review household-specific needs. Discuss powered medical devices and refrigerated medications with a doctor or pharmacist, and include pets in supplies and plans.
  5. Know local alert routes. Check local signup options and current app availability, while retaining radio and written information as alternatives.

FEMA’s emergency supply checklist covers the kit baseline. Its power-outage information sheet (FEMA P-2143) covers outage safety and food handling, and the FEMA App page describes app alerts and shelter information.

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