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The internet made China’s Lunar New Year red packet—hongbao—more than a way to give money: it turned it into a fast-moving group game, a televised event and a tool for winning mobile-payment users. WeChat’s digital packets added random amounts and first-to-open mechanics; a 2015 partnership with the CCTV Spring Festival Gala brought phone-shaking to a national audience. Paper envelopes did not disappear, but digital platforms gave the tradition a scale and commercial role it had not had before.

What changed when hongbao moved into chat apps?

A traditional hongbao is a monetary gift associated with good luck, often given by elders or married adults to younger people. Tencent says Weixin (WeChat) introduced electronic red packets in 2014, while physical red packets remained part of the annual tradition.

The app kept the familiar envelope idea but changed how a gift could be distributed. A sender could put a total amount into a group packet and choose equal or randomized shares. With a group packet, people who opened it first received the money, making timing part of the exchange. The amount could be a surprise, and everyone in the chat could see the activity unfold.

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That combination of a familiar symbol and new social mechanics helped turn a personal gift into a game of anticipation. It also made the feature easy to use in conversations rather than only during an in-person handover.

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How did the 2015 red-packet campaign become a national spectacle?

In 2015, Tencent partnered with the CCTV Spring Festival Gala, one of China’s major televised New Year events. Viewers were invited to shake their phones during the broadcast to take part in prize campaigns. The phone gesture linked a live television audience to an app-based giveaway, turning hongbao into synchronized entertainment as well as gifting.

  • 1.01 billion WeChat packets: China’s Cyberspace Administration reported this number on New Year’s Eve in 2015.
  • 810 million shakes per minute: The administration reported this peak rate during the shake-to-win activity.
  • 11 billion shakes and RMB 500 million in prize money: Tencent’s 2020 historical account gave these totals for the Spring Festival Eve gala interaction in 2015.

The figures describe different measures: the administration’s peak is a per-minute rate, while Tencent’s 11 billion is a total for the gala interaction. Together, they show how a small digital gift became a high-volume media event. Shaking was the campaign’s memorable interaction, not a requirement for every digital hongbao or evidence that current users must shake their phones.

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Why did technology companies compete over red packets?

The campaigns were also about acquiring customers and encouraging people to use mobile payments. A user who claimed a prize or sent a packet through an app had a reason to engage with that platform’s payment features. Coupons and shopping vouchers could connect the holiday interaction to merchants, while sponsored prizes put brands in front of a large audience.

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The competition extended beyond WeChat. China’s Cyberspace Administration reported 637 million QQ packets and more than 240 million Alipay packets on New Year’s Eve 2015. Weibo also ran campaigns. The U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission reported that internet companies distributed more than $1.1 billion in cash, coupons and shopping vouchers during the 2015 campaign. That total covered multiple forms of promotion, not cash gifts alone.

For platforms, hongbao could serve several purposes at once: draw people into an app, prompt payment activity, reward engagement and promote merchants. The tradition supplied a familiar seasonal reason to participate; the platforms supplied the scale and commercial infrastructure.

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Did the digital red-packet habit last beyond 2015?

Usage remained substantial the following holiday season. China’s Cyberspace Administration, citing Xinhua and Tencent, reported 32.1 billion WeChat red-packet transactions involving 516 million people from New Year’s Eve through the fifth day of the 2016 Spring Festival. Users born in the 1990s sent 2.588 billion packets, while older age groups also took part. These figures indicate that digital hongbao had become a broad holiday practice rather than a one-year gala promotion.

The numbers count WeChat activity over that specified holiday period; they should not be read as a count of unique gifts across all platforms or as evidence that every transaction was a traditional family gift.

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Are Chinese New Year red packets still physical?

Yes. Tencent says physical red packets remain part of the annual tradition even as electronic packets have grown in popularity. Digital hongbao extends the custom; it does not replace every paper envelope or face-to-face exchange.

Aspect Paper hongbao Digital hongbao
Reach Typically exchanged between people or within a household. Can be sent in group chats or linked to a broadcast-scale campaign.
Timing Usually handed over deliberately in person. Group packets can reward the first people who open them.
Amount visibility The recipient finds the cash inside the envelope. Amounts may be hidden until opened and can be randomized among recipients.
Commercial layer Primarily a personal gift and good-luck gesture. Can also carry sponsored prizes, coupons, payment prompts or merchant promotions.
Material form A physical red envelope remains in use. An app-based exchange supplements the physical form.

What does current mobile use tell us—and what does it not?

China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology reported 6.603 million TB of mobile internet traffic during the 2025 Spring Festival holiday, 9.9% more than during the comparable 2024 holiday. 5G accounted for 60.9% of that traffic. The ministry also said Douyin, WeChat, Kuaishou, Tencent Video and Xiaohongshu together represented more than 60% of app traffic.

These are overall mobile-connectivity figures, not hongbao transaction counts. They provide context for why app-based holiday activities can reach large audiences, but they do not measure how many people sent or received red packets in 2025.

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