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The Flutter upgrade passed CI, but plugins failed on device. A green CI run confirms only what that job actually built or tested; it does not establish that CI exercised the same platform integration or runtime path as the failing device. Start by recording the exact SDK and package versions, identify where the failure occurs, and change one likely cause at a time.

Record the failing setup before changing it

Capture the environment used by both CI and your local reproduction. Flutter’s guidance treats upgrading the SDK and upgrading packages as separate operations; changing both together makes it harder to identify which change introduced the failure. See Flutter’s SDK upgrade guidance for upgrade commands and ways to select a specific SDK version.

  • Flutter channel and exact version or revision, from flutter --version.
  • Dependency versions and the project lockfile.
  • Target platform, device or emulator, and operating-system version.
  • The complete error output and the stage where it occurs: build, install, launch, or runtime.
  • CI build and test targets, so you can compare them with the failing scenario.

Do not assume CI and the device followed the same path. Compare the actual job steps and platform matrix with what fails locally; the title alone does not establish what CI covered.

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Use the failure stage to narrow the investigation

First identify whether the plugin fails during compilation, installation or launch, or after the app is running. Then focus on evidence from that stage: build output and tool configuration for a build failure; platform integration and launch logs for an install or launch failure; and runtime logs, plugin behavior, and rendering paths for a runtime failure. This is a way to organize diagnosis, not a claim about the cause of this unspecified incident.

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Check the Flutter release transition

Find the Flutter release transition in your project history, then consult Flutter’s breaking-change index and the guidance for the relevant release. Flutter notes that migration guides reflect the release under which they were published and may not remain current indefinitely, so verify that a guide applies to your target version and current project configuration.

If the upgrade produces Dart compile errors, Flutter suggests trying dart fix where applicable. It does not address every breaking change, so use the specific migration guidance rather than treating it as a universal repair.

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If the failing target is Android, check plugin and build migrations

Legacy plugin embedding APIs

Inspect the failing plugin’s Android implementation for legacy use of PluginRegistry.Registrar. Flutter documents the newer FlutterPlugin API and warns that older APIs can lead to undefined behavior in embedding scenarios. That makes legacy embedding a candidate to investigate—not a diagnosis without the plugin name and error. Start with Flutter’s plugin API migration guide.

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Gradle and Kotlin configuration

Compare the app’s Android Gradle Plugin and Kotlin configuration with the requirements and migration steps for the Flutter release and Android build-tool versions in this project. Flutter’s Android Gradle Plugin migration guidance covers version-dependent changes. Do not copy a tool version from an older migration page without confirming it matches the project’s current toolchain.

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Scripts that read Flutter plugin metadata

Search custom build scripts and other automation for .flutter-plugins. Flutter documents its replacement with .flutter-plugins-dependencies; the older file stopped being generated after stable Flutter 3.32. Treat that release detail as migration context, and check the current release and project scripts before changing them. See Flutter’s plugin configuration migration guide.

Plugins that render to an Android surface

If the affected plugin renders to an Android surface, check whether its implementation needs the release-specific SurfaceProducer migration. Flutter recommends the newer API for Impeller, but the right action depends on the plugin and Flutter version. Consult the Android surface plugin migration guide rather than applying the migration by default.

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Apply one targeted change, then verify on the failing target

  1. Match the error to a specific release migration, incompatible dependency, or project configuration issue.
  2. Change only the variable supported by that evidence. Avoid upgrading the SDK, packages, and Android build tools together while isolating a regression.
  3. Rebuild and run on the affected platform and device or emulator. A passing test on a different target does not verify the failing path.
  4. Compare the result with the original error and the recorded versions. If the failure remains, keep the environment record and investigate the next clue rather than layering on unrelated fixes.

Flutter’s Android build migration guidance uses a device or emulator run as a validation step. No test result for this particular failure is established here.

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What information is needed for a specific fix?

The root cause cannot be identified from “plugins failed on device” alone. The next useful details are the affected platform, plugin name and version, complete error text, flutter --version, relevant dependency versions, Android Gradle Plugin and Kotlin versions if applicable, and whether CI built and ran the same target. With those details, you can distinguish a plugin implementation issue from an app build configuration or platform-specific runtime problem.

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